Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of the 2A12 Al-alloy/12Cr13 Stainless Steel Joint Brazed by Zn-Al Welding Wires

WAN Yi; ZHANG Man; YANG Yuke; ZHOU Liurui; ZHU Shuai

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.018

PDF(16509 KB)

Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (10) : 177-187. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.018

Advanced Joining Technology

Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of the 2A12 Al-alloy/12Cr13 Stainless Steel Joint Brazed by Zn-Al Welding Wires

WAN Yi, ZHANG Man^*, YANG Yuke, ZHOU Liurui, ZHU Shuai

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to study the effect of Al element content on the property of 2A12 Al-alloy/12Cr13 stainless steel joint brazed by the Zn-Al welding wire, and realize the reliable connection of 2A12 Al-alloy and 12Cr13 stainless steel. Spread test was carried out by a box-type resistance furnace. 2A12 Al-alloy/12Cr13 stainless steel lap joints were brazed by furnace brazing. The joint strength and microhardness were analyzed by a tensile testing machine and a microhardness vickers hardness tester. The joint microstructure and fracture analysis were carried out by the metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The spreading area of Zn-Al welding wire on both 2A12 Al-alloy and 12Cr13 stainless steel substrates increased with the increase of Al element content in the welding wire when Al element content was in the range of 5% to 20% (mass fraction), and the maximum value occurred when the Al element content was 20% (mass fraction). When the content of Al element continued to increase, the spreading area decreased on both 2A12 Al-alloy and 12Cr13 stainless steel substrates. The brazed joint strength increased first and then decreased with the increase of Al element content in the welding wire. The joint brazed by 78Zn-22Al welding wire had the highest strength, which was 117.43 MPa. Meanwhile, the Fe-Al intermetallic compound layer was the thinner at the 12Cr13 side interface. It was less prone to cause stress concentration. Tearing morphology was observed in fractography. Therefore, the property of 2A12 Al-alloy and 12Cr13 stainless steel joint can be significantly enhanced by adjusting Al element content in the Zn-Al welding wire. The joint brazed by 78Zn-22Al welding wire has the highest strength and its spreadability is excellent. However, since its melting point is close to that of 2A12 Al-alloy base metal, the heating temperature and heating time during the brazing process must be strictly controlled. Under the condition that the welding wire melts while the base metal remains unmelted, the78Zn-22Al welding wire can achieve optimal brazing results.

Key words

Zn-Al welding wire / 2A12 Al-alloy/12Cr13 stainless steel brazing / spreadability / mechanical property / microstructure

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

WAN Yi, ZHANG Man, YANG Yuke, ZHOU Liurui, ZHU Shuai. Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of the 2A12 Al-alloy/12Cr13 Stainless Steel Joint Brazed by Zn-Al Welding Wires[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(10): 177-187 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.018

References

[1] 周勇, 孙有平, 何江美, 等. 激光功率对铝/钢激光对接熔钎焊接头组织与性能的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2023, 47(7): 22-30.
ZHOU Y, SUN Y P, HE J M, et al.Effect of Laser Power on Microstructure and Properties of Aluminum/Steel Laser Butt Welding-Brazing Joint[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 47(7): 22-30.
[2] CHEN J, SHALCHI AMIRKHIZ B, ZHANG R, et al.On the Joint Formation and Interfacial Microstructure of Cold Metal Transfer Cycle Step Braze Welding of Aluminum to Steel Butt Joint[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2020, 51(10): 5198-5212.
[3] BIN MAMAT S, TASHIRO S, MASRI M N, et al.Application of Pulse Plasma MIG Welding Process to Al/Steel Dissimilar Joining[J]. Welding in the World, 2020, 64(5): 857-871.
[4] 叶洪歆, 薛冰, 于欣, 等. 旋转速度对铝/钢异质金属μFSLW接头成形及力学性能的影响[J]. 精密成形工程, 2025, 17(12): 104-112.
YE H X, XUE B, YU X, et al.Effect of Rotation Speed on Forming and Mechanical Properties of ΜFSLW Al/Steel Dissimilar Alloy Joints[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2025, 17(12): 104-112.
[5] 吴轶钢, 陈勇, 李亚, 等. 钢/铝爆炸焊焊接接头疲劳分析[J]. 焊接, 2025(11): 45-51.
WU Y G, CHEN Y, LI Y, et al.Fatigue Analysis of Steel/Aluminum Explosive Welded Joints[J]. Welding & Joining, 2025(11): 45-51.
[6] REN K X, QIU R F, MA H B, et al.Joining Aluminum Alloy to Steel by Resistance Projection-Plug Welding[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2020, 29(6): 4087-4094.
[7] WANG H Y, MA Y Q, LIU L M.Effect of Adhesive on Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Aluminum Alloy to High- Strength Steel Joint[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2020, 27(9): 1099-1107.
[8] BERGMANN L A, BATISTÃO B F, DE ALCÂNTARA N G, et al. Effect of Rotational Speed and Double-Sided Welding in Friction Stir-Welded Dissimilar Joints of Aluminum Alloy and Steel[J]. Welding in the World, 2022, 66(9): 1747-1756.
[9] 吴永亮, 顾丽霞, 罗立峰. Al-Cu合金片对钢/铝异种金属激光-MIG复合焊接头组织和性能的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2020, 44(3): 1-7.
WU Y L, GU L X, LUO L F.Effect of Al-Cu Alloy Sheet on Microstructure and Properties of Steel/Aluminum Dissimilar Metal Laser-MIG Hybrid Welded Joint[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 44(3): 1-7.
[10] BICK T, TREUTLER K, WESLING V.Soldering of Steel Sheets and Zinc-Coated Aluminum by Hybrid Composite Forging[J]. Welding in the World, 2021, 65(2): 353-360.
[11] CHEN X W, TANG S, XIE W L, et al.Effect of Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6060 Aluminum Alloy/Galvanized STEEL MIG Welding-Brazing Joints[J]. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2024, 77(6): 1589-1596.
[12] 樊瑞, 孙凤莲, 刘洋. SAC305/Ni界面镀Ni层消耗及IMC生长规律[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2020, 30(9): 2094-2104.
FAN R, SUN F L, LIU Y.Consumption of Ni Layer and IMC Growth at SAC305/Ni Interface[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2020, 30(9): 2094-2104.
[13] KIMTHONG P, WATTANAPORNPHAN P, PHONGPHISUTTHINAN C, et al.Experimental Investigations and FE Modeling Considering Microstructural Inhomogeneity of Laser Welded Steel-Aluminum Joints[J]. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 22(1): 29.
[14] 谭志育, 张超, 单琪. 药芯钎料CMT熔钎焊铝/钢焊接接头的组织和力学性能研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2023, 52(13): 62-66.
TAN Z Y, ZHANG C, SHAN Q.Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum/Steel Joint Welding-Brazed by CMT with Flux-Cored Wire[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2023, 52(13): 62-66.
[15] 石晓辉, 浦娟, 许祥平, 等. 脉冲磁场频率对铝/钢CMT熔钎焊接头组织及性能的影响[J]. 精密成形工程, 2025, 17(6): 119-128.
SHI X H, PU J, XU X P, et al.Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Field Frequency on Microstructure and Properties of Al Alloy/Steel CMT Welding-Brazing Joint[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2025, 17(6): 119-128.
[16] 高强. 最新有色金属金相图谱大全[M]. 北京: 中国冶金工业出版社, 2005.
GAO Q.Comprehensive Atlas of Metallography for Non-ferrous Metal[M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press of China, 2005.
[17] 吴奇, 李晓延, 孙鲁阳, 等. 2219铝合金焊接接头软化模型的建立与应用[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(10): 10138-10143.
WU Q, LI X Y, SUN L Y, et al.Establishment and Application of Softening Model of 2219 Aluminum Alloy Welding Joint[J]. Materials Review, 2020, 34(10): 10138-10143.
[18] 薛弘宇, 龙伟民, 纠永涛, 等. AlSiNi钎料感应钎焊铝/钢接头的组织和力学性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2020, 41(3): 45-49.
XUE H Y, LONG W M, JIU Y T, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum/AlSiNi/Steel Joint by Induction Brazing[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2020, 41(3): 45-49.
[19] 杨金龙, 薛松柏, 薛鹏, 等. 铝/钢异种金属火焰钎焊接头组织和性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2015, 36(1): 63-66.
YANG J L, XUE S B, XUE P, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum/Stainless Steel Brazed Joint with Torch Brazing[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2015, 36(1): 63-66.
[20] 张满, 张军, 蒋腾, 等. Fe-Al金属间化合物对铝/钢钎焊接头力学性能的影响[J]. 焊接学报, 2018, 39(1): 61-64.
ZHANG M, ZHANG J, JIANG T, et al.Effect of Fe-Al Intermetallic Compound on Mechanical Property of Aluminum/Steel Brazed Joint[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2018, 39(1): 61-64.
[21] 张启运, 庄鸿寿. 钎焊手册[M]. 2版. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2008.
ZHANG Q Y, ZHUANG H S.Brazing and Soldering Manual[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2008.
[22] 闫久春, 周桂生, 许志武. 钎焊[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2024.
YAN J C, ZHOU G S, XU Z W.Soldering and Brazing[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2024.
[23] RICHMOND J J, PEREPEZKO J H, LEBEAU S E, et al.Rapid Solidification Processing: Principles and Technologies III[M]. Washington DC: NBS, 1982.
[24] TABAN E, GOULD J E, LIPPOLD J C.Characterization of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy to AISI 1018 Steel Interfaces during Joining and Thermo-Mechanical Conditioning[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2010, 527(7/8): 1704-1708.
[25] HAIDARA F, RECORD M C, DUPLOYER B, et al.Phase Formation in Al-Fe Thin Film Systems[J]. Intermetallics, 2012, 23: 143-147.
[26] 田燕. 焊接区断口金相分析[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1991.
TIAN Y.Metallographic Analysis of Fracture in Welding Zone[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 1991.