Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Stand-off Distance on the Explosive Welding of TA2 and Q235B

MIAO Guanghong; NI Yadong; WEI Zhengmei; WU Weida; TIAN Guangkuo

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.016

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Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (10) : 154-165. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.016

Advanced Joining Technology

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Stand-off Distance on the Explosive Welding of TA2 and Q235B

MIAO Guanghong^a,*, NI Yadong^b, WEI Zhengmei^a, WU Weida^b, TIAN Guangkuo^b

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Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effect of stand-off distance on explosive welding of TA2 and Q235B. Based on the ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software, the explosive welding process under two stand-off distances (8 mm and 10.5 mm) was simulated three-dimensionally with the ALE and SPH-FEM algorithms. The vertical displacement of the flyer plate, collision velocity, collision pressure, interface plastic deformation, and the variation of waveforms were systematically analyzed. On the basis of the experiment with an explosive thickness of 28 mm and a stand-off distance of 8 mm, two control groups with an explosive thickness of 25 mm and a stand-off distance of 14 mm, and an explosive thickness of 22 mm and a stand-off distance of 28 mm were added to explore the welding effect of reducing the explosive thickness and increasing the stand-off distance. The simulation showed that the vertical displacement of the flyer plate was greater than the corresponding stand-off distance between the base plate and the flyer plate in both cases, and successful welding was achieved. The peak collision velocity of the flyer plate fell within the explosive welding window of 313.05 m/s<V_p<1 161.07 m/s. As the stand-off distance increased from 8 mm to 10.5 mm, the collision velocity, kinetic energy loss, and interface plastic deformation of the flyer plate increased accordingly. The collision pressure of the flyer plate increased with the increase of the distance from the initiation point to the base plate-flyer plate stand-off distance. The amplitude and wavelength of the interface wave increased from 73.55 μm and 415.30 μm to 165.48 μm and 579.78 μm, with increases of 124.99% and 39.61%, respectively. The simulated wavelengths and amplitudes of the two control groups were 68.95 μm and 409.10 μm, and 73.55 μm and 413.70 μm, respectively. The comparison indicated that the simulation results of the control groups were in good agreement with those of the original experimental group. Both ALE and SPH-FEM algorithms can effectively simulate the explosive welding process. When the flyer plate is in the acceleration stage, the same welding effect as that in the experiment can be achieved by reducing the explosive thickness and increasing the stand-off distance between the base plate and the flyer plate. This not only ensures the quality of the welding but also reduces the amount of explosive used and lowers the cost of explosive welding experiments. The combined application of the two algorithms provides reliable theoretical guidance for explosive welding production practice.

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stand-off distance / TA2 / Q235B / ALE algorithm / SPH-FEM algorithm

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MIAO Guanghong, NI Yadong, WEI Zhengmei, WU Weida, TIAN Guangkuo. Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Stand-off Distance on the Explosive Welding of TA2 and Q235B[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(10): 154-165 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.016

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