Process, Microstructure and Properties of 15-5PH Cladding Deposited using CMT

LAI Shubin; LIU Haoran; PANG Guangchao; DUAN Qinglong; ZHAO Xuchen; GUO Longlong

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.014

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Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (7) : 154-165. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.014

Advanced Joining Technology

Process, Microstructure and Properties of 15-5PH Cladding Deposited using CMT

LAI Shubin¹, LIU Haoran², PANG Guangchao¹, DUAN Qinglong³, ZHAO Xuchen², GUO Longlong^2,*

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Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effect of process parameters on forming quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties of 15-5PH cladding layers to overcome the lack of experimental and data support for optimizing the cold metal transfer (CMT) process parameters for 15-5PH cladding. Firstly, single-pass cladding experiments were conducted with wire feed speed and welding speed as variables to clarify the effect of these parameters on forming quality and determine the optimal process parameter window. Within parameters window, multi-pass cladding experiments were performed. Then, microstructure of the cladding layer was analyzed by optical microscopy, and mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile testing and microhardness testing. At a constant welding speed, increasing the wire feed speed resulted in an increase in weld width, with height initially rising and then decreasing. At a constant wire feed speed, increasing the welding speed reduced both weld width and height. As the wire feed speed increased, the surface waviness and dilution rate of the cladding layer first decreased and then increased. The cladding layer primarily consisted of equiaxed martensite, a small amount of columnar martensite, ferrite and spherical carbides. Moreover, with increasing wire feed speed, the grain size gradually increased, the tensile strength of the cladding layer increased gradually, the microhardness showed a fluctuating change, and the elongation changed insignificantly. At a wire feed speed of 7 m/min and a welding speed of 5 mm/s, the cladding layer exhibited excellent forming quality, high hardness, and optimal tensile properties. The effect of CMT process parameters on forming quality, microstructure and mechanical properties is clarified, and high-performance cladding layers with sound forming are successfully prepared. The outcomes provide experimental reference and theoretical data for the shape-performance control of CMT cladding for 15-5PH.

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CMT / 15-5PH / cladding / microstructure / mechanical properties

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LAI Shubin, LIU Haoran, PANG Guangchao, DUAN Qinglong, ZHAO Xuchen, GUO Longlong. Process, Microstructure and Properties of 15-5PH Cladding Deposited using CMT[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(7): 154-165 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.014

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Funding

Science and Technology Key Project of CNOOC Energy Development Equipment Technology Co., Ltd. (202515893886); Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province (2025JC-YBMS-545); Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Natural Gas Equipment, Ministry of Education (OGE202302-11); Xi’an Science and Technology Plan Project (23GXFW0076)