Equivalent Modeling of Elastoplastic Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Porous TA15 Titanium Alloy

JIANG Xueqi; LUO Huan; DENG Zejun; FAN Xiaoguang; XIE Zhexiao

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.006

PDF(10341 KB)

Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (7) : 56-67. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.006

Light Alloy Forming

Equivalent Modeling of Elastoplastic Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Porous TA15 Titanium Alloy

JIANG Xueqi¹, LUO Huan², DENG Zejun², FAN Xiaoguang^2,*, XIE Zhexiao²

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the influence of pore structure on the mechanical properties of porous matrix materials, establish an elastoplastic macroscopic equivalent model for porous materials, and enable prediction of the forming behavior of large-scale porous matrices. The pore structure of the porous material was characterized using industrial computed tomography (CT), and representative volume element (RVE) models were constructed to analyze the effect of realistic pore morphology on the material’s mechanical response. Based on the results from both RVE simulations and experiments, the generalized yield criterion was employed to describe the material anisotropy and tension-compression asymmetry, while the Swift hardening law was used to represent the hardening behavior. The associated flow rule was adopted to capture the yield trajectory, thereby developing an equivalent elastoplastic constitutive model for the porous material. The pore structure of the porous material induced the distinct anisotropic mechanical behavior. The proposed equivalent model successfully reproduced the anisotropy in experiments, and its validity was verified through comparison between experimental results and finite element simulations. Porous materials exhibit both anisotropy and tension-compression asymmetry. Under external loading, stress concentration occurs between pores, accelerating crack propagation. The developed elastoplastic equivalent model can accurately predict the stress-strain response of porous materials under loading and enable macroscopic deformation simulations of large-scale porous structures.

Key words

transpiration cooling / porous structure / constitutive equation / anisotropy / finite element simulation

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

JIANG Xueqi, LUO Huan, DENG Zejun, FAN Xiaoguang, XIE Zhexiao. Equivalent Modeling of Elastoplastic Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Porous TA15 Titanium Alloy[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(7): 56-67 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.006

References

[1] 栾芸, 贺菲, 王建华. 临近空间飞行器发汗冷却研究进展[J]. 推进技术, 2023, 44(1): 1-15.
LUAN Y, HE F, WANG J H.Review on Transpiration Cooling for Near-Space Aircraft[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2023, 44(1): 1-15.
[2] DU L M, LIU K, HU D, et al.Microstructural and Mechanical Anisotropy in Pressure-Assisted Sintered Copper Nanoparticles[J]. Acta Materialia, 2025, 287: 120772.
[3] SALVI L, SMANIOTTO B, HILD F, et al.Tensile Deformation and Failure of AlSi10Mg Random Cellular Metamaterials[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2024, 281: 109612.
[4] ALBERT J, PURSCHKE S, FLECK C.Effect of Process Variables on Microstructure, Flow, and Tensile Properties of Nickel-Based Superalloys with Designed Porous Structures Manufactured by Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2023, 25(13): 2300006.
[5] HOOSHMAND-AHOOR Z, LUO H, DANAS K.M-Voronoi and Other Random Open and Closed-Cell Elasto-Plastic Cellular Materials: Geometry Generation and Numerical Study at Small and Large Strains[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2024, 290: 112680.
[6] SUN X X, LI H W, ZHAN M, et al.Cross-Scale Prediction from RVE to Component[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2021, 140: 102973.
[7] LU X Z, CHAN L C.Micro-Voids Quantification for Damage Prediction in Warm Forging of Biocompatible Alloys Using 3D X-Ray CT and RVE Approach[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2018, 258: 116-127.
[8] BISWAS P, GUESSASMA S, LI J.Numerical Prediction of Orthotropic Elastic Properties of 3D-Printed Materials Using Micro-CT and Representative Volume Element[J]. Acta Mechanica, 2020, 231(2): 503-516.
[9] JIANG P X, HUANG G, ZHU Y H, et al.Experimental Investigation of Combined Transpiration and Film Cooling for Sintered Metal Porous Struts[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 108: 232-243.
[10] GUDDATI S, KIRAN A S K, LEAVY M, et al. Recent Advancements in Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Porous Material Applications[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2019, 105(1): 193-215.
[11] HUANG G, ZHU Y H, LIAO Z Y, et al.Biomimetic Self-Pumping Transpiration Cooling for Additive Manufactured Porous Module with Tree-Like Micro-Channel[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 131: 403-410.
[12] HASSANI B, HINTON E.A Review of Homogenization and Topology Optimization I—Homogenization Theory for Media with Periodic Structure[J]. Computers & Structures, 1998, 69(6): 707-717.
[13] 唐映林, 许明三, 韦铁平, 等. 选区激光熔化316L不锈钢混合点阵结构压缩性能和各向异性研究[J]. 精密成形工程, 2025, 17(4): 203-216.
TANG Y L, XU M S, WEI T P, et al.Compressive Performance and Anisotropy of Hybrid Lattice Structures of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2025, 17(4): 203-216.
[14] HASSANI B, HINTON E.A Review of Homogenization and Topology Opimization II—Analytical and Numerical Solution of Homogenization Equations[J]. Computers & Structures, 1998, 69(6): 719-738.
[15] LIU L, KAMM P, GARCÍA-MORENO F, et al. Elastic and Failure Response of Imperfect Three-Dimensional Metallic Lattices: The Role of Geometric Defects Induced by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2017, 107: 160-184.
[16] SOYARSLAN C, PRADAS M, BARGMANN S.Effective Elastic Properties of 3D Stochastic Bicontinuous Composites[J]. Mechanics of Materials, 2019, 137: 103098.
[17] MIN Z, HUANG G, PARBAT S N, et al.Experimental Investigation on Additively Manufactured Transpiration and Film Cooling Structures[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2019, 141(3): 031009.
[18] GUO T F, FALESKOG J, SHIH C F.Continuum Modeling of a Porous Solid with Pressure-Sensitive Dilatant Matrix[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2008, 56(6): 2188-2212.
[19] MAGHOUS S, DORMIEUX L, BARTHÉLÉMY J F. Micromechanical Approach to the Strength Properties of Frictional Geomaterials[J]. European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, 2009, 28(1): 179-188.
[20] DURBAN D, COHEN T, HOLLANDER Y.Plastic Response of Porous Solids with Pressure Sensitive Matrix[J]. Mechanics Research Communications, 2010, 37(7): 636-641.
[21] SHEN W Q, SHAO J F, KONDO D, et al.A Micro-Macro Model for Clayey Rocks with a Plastic Compressible Porous Matrix[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2012, 36: 64-85.
[22] SHEN W Q, SHAO J F.An Incremental Micro-Macro Model for Porous Geomaterials with Double Porosity and Inclusion[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2016, 83: 37-54.
[23] DAO M, CHOLLACOOP N, VAN VLIET K J, et al. Computational Modeling of the Forward and Reverse Problems in Instrumented Sharp Indentation[J]. Acta Materialia, 2001, 49(19): 3899-3918.
[24] LONG X, JIA Q P, LI Z, et al. Reverse Analysis of Constitutive Properties of Sintered Silver Particles from Nanoindentations[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2020, 191/192: 351-362.
[25] YOON J W, LOU Y S, YOON J, et al.Asymmetric Yield Function Based on the Stress Invariants for Pressure Sensitive Metals[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2014, 56: 184-202.