Thermal Deformation Behavior and Hot Processing Map of HRB400FR Fire-resistant Steel Bar

WANG Chenhao; WANG Chao; LIU Chengzhi; ZHENG Zhichao

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.016

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Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6) : 181-192. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.016

Iron and Steel Forming

Thermal Deformation Behavior and Hot Processing Map of HRB400FR Fire-resistant Steel Bar

WANG Chenhao¹, WANG Chao², LIU Chengzhi^1,*, ZHENG Zhichao³

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Abstract

The work aims to study the rheological behavior and microstructure evolution of HRB400FR fire-resistant steel bars during the hot compression process, and to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of their hot processing technology. A Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical simulator was employed to conduct hot compression tests under 16 distinct parameter sets, with deformation temperature ranging from 850 to 1 050 ℃ and strain rates varying between 0.01 and 10 s^-1. Utilizing the resulting true stress-true strain data, a strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model was formulated. Furthermore, based on the dynamic materials model (DMM) theory, a processing map was developed. The microstructure and texture evolution were analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results indicated that HRB400FR fire-resistant steel bars exhibited typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX) characteristics during hot compression. By coupling the dependent variable to the Arrhenius model constitutive equation, the modified constitutive relationship applicable to fire-resistant steel bars was obtained. The rheological stress prediction results calculated by this model had a high degree of consistency with the experimental data, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.9917 and an average relative error of 0.99%, showing high accuracy. The hot processing map revealed that the material achieved maximum power dissipation efficiency (η_max=37%) within the temperature range of 917-1 027 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-0.10 s^-1, this zone corresponded to a stable processing region characterized by a homogeneous microstructure comprising fine, dynamically recrystallized grains. In contrast, flow instability tended to occur at high strain rates (10 s^-1), resulting in elongated and inhomogeneous fibrous grain structures. The established improved Arrhenius constitutive model and hot processing map provide a theoretical basis and model support for optimizing the hot processing process of HRB400FR fire-resistant steel bars.

Key words

fire-resistant steel bar / thermal deformation behavior / constitutive equation / hot processing map / dynamic recrystallization

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WANG Chenhao, WANG Chao, LIU Chengzhi, ZHENG Zhichao. Thermal Deformation Behavior and Hot Processing Map of HRB400FR Fire-resistant Steel Bar[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(6): 181-192 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.016

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Funding

Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (202303021212181, 202403021221129); Key Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province (202302050201015); Key Research, Development and Achievement Transformation Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2025YFHH0092)