CMT Arc Additive Manufacturing Process of Gradient Transition High-strength Wear-resistant Layer

WU Jiaxin; WANG Jinfeng; GUO Yi; LI Wenjuan; WEI Jiaan

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.04.009

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Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4) : 90-98. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.04.009

Additive Manufacturing

CMT Arc Additive Manufacturing Process of Gradient Transition High-strength Wear-resistant Layer

WU Jiaxin^1,*, WANG Jinfeng^1,2,*, GUO Yi¹, LI Wenjuan¹, WEI Jiaan¹

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Abstract

The work aims to study the formation of a gradient transition high-strength wear-resistant layer on the surface of high-strength die steel by CMT arc additive manufacturing, so as to obtain a composite cladding layer to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance and prolong the service life of the die. Based on CMT arc additive manufacturing technology, a composite cladding layer with hardness gradient transition was designed by selecting appropriate welding materials. With the general H13 die steel as the substrate, FK1000 welding wires were used as the intermediate transition layer, and YD322 welding wires were used as the high-strength wear-resistant layer for layer-by-layer cladding to achieve the purpose of gradient transition of hardness and toughness. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites after cladding were studied. The results showed that the macroscopic forming of the cladding samples was good and there were no obvious metallurgical defects. The high-strength wear-resistant layer was mainly composed of fine lath martensite and retained austenite. The transition layer was mainly bainite and ferrite, and the tempering structure appeared in the secondary heating zone and the heat-affected zone. The hardness of the composite cladding layer from the substrate to the transition layer to the high-strength wear-resistant layer was gradient, and the hardness increased step by step. The hardness of the composite increased from 248HV of the substrate to 581HV of the wear-resistant layer, and the hardness increased by 135%. The impact toughness decreased slightly from 12 J of the substrate to 9.3 J of the composite sample. And the fracture mode was cleavage fracture. The wear mass of the wear-resistant layer was 1.3 mg, and the wear coefficient was 0.365. Compared with the substrate, the wear mass was reduced by 69.7%, and the average wear coefficient was reduced from 0.43 to 0.365.

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CMT welding / wire arc additive manufacturing / H13 die steel / gradient transition / high-strength wear-resistant layer

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WU Jiaxin, WANG Jinfeng, GUO Yi, LI Wenjuan, WEI Jiaan. CMT Arc Additive Manufacturing Process of Gradient Transition High-strength Wear-resistant Layer[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(4): 90-98 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.04.009

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Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (202AFD184); Hubei Province Excellent Young and Middle aged Science and Technology Innovation Team Project (T2024015); “Take on Challenges and Assume Leadership” Project from Hubei University of Automotive Technology (2024JBA04)