Impact of Extrusion Speed on the Grain Structure and Texture of the Mg-1.0Mn Alloy

LIAO Hongxin; PENG Peng; LIU Qing; ZHU Li; LIU Siran; LIAO Xuesong; YANG Huanan; DU Bo; CHEN Yuanfu

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.003

PDF(9831 KB)

Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3) : 28-35. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.003

Light Alloy Forming

Impact of Extrusion Speed on the Grain Structure and Texture of the Mg-1.0Mn Alloy

LIAO Hongxin¹, PENG Peng^2,*, LIU Qing¹, ZHU Li¹, LIU Siran¹, LIAO Xuesong¹, YANG Huanan¹, DU Bo¹, CHEN Yuanfu¹

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Based on the challenge of plastic deformation in magnesium alloys, the work aims to elucidate the impact of extrusion speed on the microstructure of magnesium alloy deformation materials, providing a theoretical foundation and practical examples for the design and development of high-performance magnesium alloy materials. Mg-1.0Mn alloy was extruded at various speed to obtain magnesium alloy bars. Microstructural detection methods such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the microstructure of the extruded Mg-1.0Mn alloy. Tensile tests were conducted to analyze the mechanical property evolution of the alloy, and Schmid's Law was applied to investigate the plastic deformation mechanisms of the Mg-1.0Mn alloy in different microstructural states. The extrusion speed had a significant impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-1.0Mn alloy. After deformation at the extrusion speed of 1 m/min, the Mg-1.0Mn alloy exhibited a finer grain structure with an average grain size of 1.5 μm, whereas deformation at 10 m/min resulted in a larger grain structure with an average grain size of 2.2 μm. Samples prepared at the extrusion speed of 10 m/min displayed a weaker basal texture with a maximum polar density of 5.559. The increase in extrusion speed effectively weakened the basal texture, activated basal slip during plastic deformation, enhanced work hardening rates, and increased plastic elongation. The Mg-1.0Mn alloy prepared by extrusion at 10 m/min exhibited a fracture elongation of up to 52.9%. Lower extrusion speed yields finer grains with stronger textures and mechanical properties characterized by high yield strength and low plasticity. At higher extrusion speed, the basal texture is effectively weakened, allowing for more basal slip to coordinate plastic strain, resulting in better work hardening and higher plasticity in the material.

Key words

Mg alloy / extrusion / grain structure / texture / basal slip

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

LIAO Hongxin, PENG Peng, LIU Qing, ZHU Li, LIU Siran, LIAO Xuesong, YANG Huanan, DU Bo, CHEN Yuanfu. Impact of Extrusion Speed on the Grain Structure and Texture of the Mg-1.0Mn Alloy[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(3): 28-35 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.003

References

[1] LI Y Q, LI F, KANG F W, et al.Recent Research and Advances in Extrusion Forming of Magnesium Alloys: A Review[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 953: 170080.
[2] ZHANG J Y, MIAO J S, BALASUBRAMANI N, et al.Magnesium Research and Applications: Past, Present and Future[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2023, 11(11): 3867-3895.
[3] ZENG Z R, STANFORD N, DAVIES C H J, et al. Magnesium Extrusion Alloys: A Review of Developments and Prospects[J]. International Materials Reviews, 2019, 64(1): 27-62.
[4] BAI J Y, YANG Y, WEN C, et al.Applications of Magnesium Alloys for Aerospace: A Review[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2023, 11(10): 3609-3619.
[5] DONG J H, LIN T, SHAO H P, et al.Advances in Degradation Behavior of Biomedical Magnesium Alloys: A Review[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 908: 164600.
[6] HAN L Y, YU Y N, WEI D J, et al.The Synergistic and Interactive Effects of Slip Systems and Dynamic Recrystallization on the Weakening Basal Texture of Mg-Y-Nd-Zr-Gd Magnesium Alloy[J]. Materials & Design, 2024, 237: 112583.
[7] YANG B B, WANG J, LI Y P, et al.Deformation Mechanisms of Dual-Textured Mg-6.5Zn Alloy with Limited Tension-Compression Yield Asymmetry[J]. Acta Materialia, 2023, 248: 118766.
[8] SONG B, YANG Q S, ZHOU T, et al.Texture Control by {10-12} Twinning to Improve the Formability of Mg Alloys: A Review[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2019, 35(10): 2269-2282.
[9] GAO W, WANG X, LIN Y J, et al.Achieving Ultra-High Strength and Ductility in a Rare-Earth-Free Magnesium Alloy via Precisely Controlled Secondary Hot Extrusion Process with an Extremely Low Extrusion Speed[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2024, 12(12): 5216-5230.
[10] ZHANG J Y, PENG P, LUO A A, et al.Dynamic Precipitation and Enhanced Mechanical Properties of ZK60 Magnesium Alloy Achieved by Low Temperature Extrusion[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2022, 829: 142143.
[11] FAN L L, ZHOU M Y, LAO W L, et al.Improving the Ductility and Toughness of Nano-TiC/AZ61 Composite by Optimizing Bimodal Grain Microstructure via Extrusion Speed[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2024, 12(8): 3264-3280.
[12] LIU L, WANG H, ZHANG D T, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Low-Alloyed Mg-Zn-Al-Ca Alloy: Effect of Extrusion Speed[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024, 33: 1165-1175.
[13] YANG C, LI Z S, BAO S, et al.High-Strength and High-Plasticity ZK60 Magnesium Alloy Prepared by Rapid Solidification and High-Speed Extrusion[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2024, 41: 110570.
[14] JO S, KIM J E, KIM Y J, et al.Enhancing Tensile and Fatigue Properties of High-Speed-Extruded Mg-5Bi-3Al Alloy Using Non-Homogenized Extrusion Billet[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024, 33: 1436-1445.
[15] TANG C P, CHEN J J, MA X, et al.Effects of Extrusion Speed on the Formation of Bimodal-Grained Structure and Mechanical Properties of a Mg-Gd-Based Alloy[J]. Materials Characterization, 2022, 189: 111952.
[16] ZHAO T S, HU Y B, ZHANG C, et al.Influence of Extrusion Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-2Gd-0.3Zr Magnesium Alloy[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2022, 10(2): 387-399.
[17] CHEN M Y, ZHANG H, WANG L Q, et al.Bimodal Grain Structure, Phase Transformation, and Mechanical Properties of a Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy during Hot Extrusion[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024, 33: 4410-4428.
[18] GO Y, JO S M, PARK S H, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Non-Flammable Mg-8Al-0.3Zn-0.1Mn-0.3Ca-0.2Y Alloy Subjected to Low-Temperature, Low-Speed Extrusion[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 739: 69-76.
[19] XU Y Z, LI J Y, QI M F, et al.Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr Alloy by Low-Speed Indirect Extrusion[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2020, 9(5): 9856-9867.
[20] DANG C, WANG J F, WANG J X, et al.An Ultrahigh Strain-Independent Damping Capacity in Mg-1Mn Alloy by Cold Rolling Process[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 25: 4330-4341.
[21] PENG P, XUE H S, SHE J, et al.Ultrafine-Grained Mg Alloy: Preparation, Properties, Design Strategy[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024, 29: 4480-4504.
[22] LIAO H X, KIM J, LIU T T, et al.Effects of Mn Addition on the Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Work-Hardening of Mg-1Sn Alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2019, 754: 778-785.
[23] ZHAO C Y, LI Z Y, SHI J H, et al.Strain Hardening Behavior of Mg-Y Alloys after Extrusion Process[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2019, 7(4): 672-680.
[24] OGAWA Y, SINGH A, SOMEKAWA H.Activation of Non-Basal Slip in Coarse-Grained Mg-Sc Alloy[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2022, 218: 114830.
[25] ZHANG J Y, PENG P, YANG Q S, et al.Bimodal Grain Structure Formation and Strengthening Mechanisms in Mg-Mn-Al-Ca Extrusion Alloys[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2023, 11(12): 4407-4419.
[26] ZHANG S Z, HU L, RUAN Y T, et al.Influence of Bimodal Non-Basal Texture on Microstructure Characteristics, Texture Evolution and Deformation Mechanisms of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet Rolled at Liquid-Nitrogen Temperature[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2023, 11(7): 2600-2609.

Funding

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (52301133); Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Project (CSTB2025YITP-QCRCX0017, CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0203); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M730276); The Youth Talent Support Program of the China Association for Science and Technology (YESS20210415)