Effects of Annealing Temperatures on the Properties and Microstructures of Cold-rolled TA18CF Tubes

SHEN Yifei; BAO Jianxing; LIU Mengmeng; LI Mingjia; ZHANG Pengfei; MA Jiankai; ZHAO Hengzhang; XU Shanna

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.001

PDF(38468 KB)

Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3) : 1-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.001

Light Alloy Forming

Effects of Annealing Temperatures on the Properties and Microstructures of Cold-rolled TA18CF Tubes

SHEN Yifei^1,2, BAO Jianxing², LIU Mengmeng², LI Mingjia², ZHANG Pengfei², MA Jiankai², ZHAO Hengzhang², XU Shanna^1,*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to explore the effects of annealing temperatures on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of cold-rolled TA18CF tubes, and to clarify the changes in room-temperature tensile properties, grain size, recrystallization, and grain orientation under four different annealing temperatures, thus providing a theoretical basis for developing and optimizing the annealing process of TA18CF tubes. The TA18CF titanium alloy tubes prepared with two cold-rolled deformation amounts were subject to vacuum annealing at temperatures of 500, 600, 700, and 800 ℃ for 90 min. The mechanical properties of the tubes were tested through room-temperature tensile testing. The fracture morphology, microstructure, and texture evolution of the tubes were characterized through OM, SEM, and EBSD. With the increase in the annealing temperature, the strength of both types of TA18CF cold-rolled tubes gradually decreased and the elongation gradually increased. At annealing temperatures of 600 ℃ and 700 ℃, the tensile strength of the ϕ31 mm×1.5 mm cold-rolled tubes was 853.2 MPa and 818.4 MPa, with elongations of 15.3% and 18.5%, respectively. The tensile strength of the ϕ28 mm×0.9 mm cold-rolled tubes was 858.3 MPa and 802.1 MPa, with elongations of 10.2% and 15.7%, respectively. With the increase in the annealing temperature, the degree of recrystallization of the two cold-rolled tubes increased, and the microstructure transitioned from elongated deformed structure to equiaxed recrystallized structure. The recrystallization degree of the ϕ28 mm×0.9 mm tubes with a larger cold-rolled deformation was higher than that of the ϕ31 mm×1.5 mm tubes. Both types of cold-rolled annealed tubes formed basal ND texture, basal TD texture, and basal double-peak texture on the {0001} crystal plane, and a $\langle 10 \overline{1} 0\rangle$//RD basal double-peak texture on the $\{10 \overline{1} 0\}$ crystal plane. With the increase in the annealing temperature, there was no significant change in the basal texture type, but a weakening trend in the radial texture of the tube was observed. At annealing temperatures of 600 ℃ and 700 ℃, both types of TA18CF cold-rolled tubes achieve good strength-plasticity matching, and are able to maintain the radial texture while eliminating residual stress.

Key words

TA18CF / annealing temperature / mechanical properties / microstructure / texture

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

SHEN Yifei, BAO Jianxing, LIU Mengmeng, LI Mingjia, ZHANG Pengfei, MA Jiankai, ZHAO Hengzhang, XU Shanna. Effects of Annealing Temperatures on the Properties and Microstructures of Cold-rolled TA18CF Tubes[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(3): 1-16 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.001

References

[1] 刘全明, 张朝晖, 刘世锋, 等. 钛合金在航空航天及武器装备领域的应用与发展[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2015, 27(3): 1-4.
LIU Q M, ZHANG Z H, LIU S F, et al.Application and Development of Titanium Alloy in Aerospace and Military Hardware[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2015, 27(3): 1-4.
[2] 田壮, 赵志浩. TA18钛合金管材研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 有色金属加工, 2023, 52(2): 1-11.
TIAN Z, ZHAO Z H.Research Status and Development Trend of TA18 Titanium Alloy Pipe[J]. Nonferrous Metals Processing, 2023, 52(2): 1-11.
[3] WANG W R, YUAN L H, LI Y, et al.Effects of the Crystallographic Texture on the Contractile Strain Ratio of Ti-3Al-2.5V Tubing[J]. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2020, 53(2): 419-423.
[4] CHEN P, LI J S, LI C C, et al.Research on the Hot-Temperature Rheological Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of TA18 Titanium Alloy[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2025, 43: 111810.
[5] YU Y, CHEN R, LI C L, et al.A Study on Microstructural Evolution and Detwinning Behavior of Ti-3Al-2.5V Cold-Rolled Tube during Annealing[J]. Materials Research Express, 2020, 7(9): 096520.
[6] WEI D, CHEN Y Y, LI H, et al.Residual Stress Evolution and Tailoring of Cold Pilgered Ti-3Al-2.5V Tube[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2022, 225: 107366.
[7] YANG Q, HUI S X, YE W J, et al.Effect of ‘Q’ Ratio on Texture Evolution of Ti-3Al-2.5V Alloy Tube during Rolling[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(3): 817.
[8] 张亚峰, 卢晓通, 刘汉源, 等. 浅析航空用高强TA18钛合金管材组织和性能影响因素[J]. 钛工业进展, 2023, 40(6): 41-48.
ZHANG Y F, LU X T, LIU H Y, et al.Analysis on Influencing Factors of Microstructure and Properties of High-Strength TA18 Titanium Alloy Tube Used in Aviation[J]. Titanium Industry Progress, 2023, 40(6): 41-48.
[9] YANG Z K, WU J J, WANG M Y, et al.Tensile Deformation Behavior of High-Strength TA18 Titanium Alloy Tube under Warm Forming Conditions and Constitutive Model Based on Dislocation Density[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2023, 37: 107336.
[10] 朱小勇, 邢远, 江健, 等. 中间道次退火对Ti-3Al-2.5V管材组织和性能的影响[J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2023, 44(3): 45-51.
ZHU X Y, XING Y, JIANG J, et al.Effect of Intermediate Pass Annealing on the Microstructures and Properties of Ti-3Al-2.5V Tubes[J]. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2023, 44(3): 45-51.
[11] 周大地, 曾卫东, 徐建伟, 等. 冷轧钛管在退火过程中的显微组织与织构演变[J]. 稀有金属, 2019, 43(5): 470-475.
ZHOU D D, ZENG W D, XU J W, et al.Evolution of Microstructure and Texture in Cold-Rolled Ti Tube under Annealing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2019, 43(5): 470-475.
[12] LI B B, FAN J K, ZHANG W Y, et al.Texture Evolution and Anisotropy of TA18 Titanium Alloy Strip under Rolling and Heat Treatment Conditions[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2025, 34: 1582-1590.
[13] 罗登超, 南莉, 杨亚社, 等. 退火温度对TA18管材性能和组织的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2012, 41(20): 206-208.
LUO D C, NAN L, YANG Y S, et al.Effect of Annealing Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TA18 Tubes[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2012, 41(20): 206-208.
[14] 张亚峰, 于振涛, 余森, 等. 航空用TA18合金管材热处理工艺研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2014, 43(16): 159-161.
ZHANG Y F, YU Z T, YU S, et al.Study on Heat Treatment Process of TA18 Titanium Alloy Tubes for Aviation[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2014, 43(16): 159-161.
[15] CHAUSOV M, PYLYPENKO A, MARUSCHAK P, et al.Plastic Anisotropy Effect on Variation of Mechanical and Structural Properties of VT23 Titanium Alloy Subjected to Impact-Oscillatory Loading[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(16): 5718.
[16] IM Y D, LEE Y K, SONG K H.Relationship between Texture Development and Deformation Twinning Activity in Ti-15Mo Alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2018, 725: 479-487.
[17] LINGA MURTY K, CHARIT I.Texture Development and Anisotropic Deformation of Zircaloys[J]. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2006, 48(4): 325-359.
[18] 魏栋, 项豪特, 陈玉莹, 等. 高强TA18钛管微观织构对拉伸力学性能与弯曲成形性能影响研究[J]. 精密成形工程, 2024, 16(7): 182-190.
WEI D, XIANG H T, CHEN Y Y, et al.Effect of Texture on Tensile Mechanical Properties and Bending Formability of High-Strength TA18 Titanium Alloy Tube[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2024, 16(7): 182-190.
[19] LI H, ZHANG H Q, YANG H, et al.Anisotropic and Asymmetrical Yielding and Its Evolution in Plastic Deformation: Titanium Tubular Materials[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2017, 90: 177-211.
[20] ZHAO Q Y, SUN Q Y, XIN S W, et al.High-Strength Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Engineering Applications: A Review on Melting-Forging Process[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2022, 845: 143260.
[21] WANG W R, YUAN L H, ZHANG H, et al.Cold-Rolled Ti-Al-V-Zr-Fe Titanium Alloy Tubing with Outstanding Tensile Properties[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 931: 167558.
[22] 杨奇, 惠松骁, 叶文君, 等. 冷轧TA18钛合金管材退火织构的形成机制[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2023, 52(3): 899-910.
YANG Q, HUI S X, YE W J, et al.Formation Mechanism of Annealing Texture of Cold Rolled TA18 Titanium Alloy Tube[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2023, 52(3): 899-910.
[23] LINGA MURTY K, KISHORE R, YAN J, et al. Effect of Annealing Temperature on Texture and Creep Anisotropy in Ti₃Al_2.5V Alloy[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2005, 495/496/497: 1645-1652.
[24] KEARNS J J.Thermal Expansion and Preferred Orientation in Zircaloy (LWBR Development Program)[R]. Oak Ridge: Bettis Atomic Power Lab. Pittsburgh, PA (USA), 1965: 6736579.
[25] 张旺峰, 张晖, 颜孟奇, 等. 飞机液压系统用TA18钛合金管材性能特殊性研究[J]. 钛工业进展, 2018, 35(4): 22-25.
ZHANG W F, ZHANG H, YAN M Q, et al.Performance Specialty of TA18 Titanium Alloy Tube Used for Aircraft Hydraulic System[J]. Titanium Industry Progress, 2018, 35(4): 22-25.
[26] 王伟, 周山琦, 宫鹏辉, 等. 退火温度对TC4钛合金热轧板材的显微组织、织构和力学性能影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(1): 70-80.
WANG W, ZHOU S Q, GONG P H, et al.Effect of Anneal Treatment on Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of TC4 Alloy Plates[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2023, 37(1): 70-80.
[27] WAGNER F, BOZZOLO N, VAN LANDUYT O, et al.Evolution of Recrystallisation Texture and Microstructure in Low Alloyed Titanium Sheets[J]. Acta Materialia, 2002, 50(5): 1245-1259.
[28] BOZZOLO N, DEWOBROTO N, GROSDIDIER T, et al.Texture Evolution during Grain Growth in Recrystallized Commercially Pure Titanium[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2005, 397(1/2): 346-355.
[29] GERSPACH F, BOZZOLO N, WAGNER F.About Texture Stability during Primary Recrystallization of Cold-Rolled Low Alloyed Zirconium[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2009, 60(4): 203-206.
[30] WU G C, LI S Y, LI J H, et al.Texture Evolution during Multi-Pass Cold Rolling and Annealing of Ti-2Al-1.5Mn Alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 971: 172705.
[31] BIELER T R, EISENLOHR P, ZHANG C, et al.Grain Boundaries and Interfaces in Slip Transfer[J]. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2014, 18(4): 212-226.
[32] 霍思含, 邱建科, 李雕峰, 等. 加工和热处理工艺对TA18钛合金组织和性能的影响[J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2022, 43(6): 89-99.
HUO S H, QIU J K, LI D F, et al.Effect of Processing and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of TA18 Titanium Alloy[J]. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2022, 43(6): 89-99.
[33] 刘凡, 李赟, 王文睿, 等. TA18钛合金管材织构对环向拉伸性能的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2020, 49(6): 2011-2016.
LIU F, LI Y, WANG W R, et al.Effect of Texture on Circumferential Tensile Properties of TA18 Titanium Alloy Tubing[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2020, 49(6): 2011-2016.
[34] PYSHMINTSEV I Y, KOSMATSKII Y I, GORNOSTAEVA E A, et al.Structure, Phase Composition and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Extruded Ti-3Al-2.5V Pipe after Vacuum Annealing[J]. Metallurgist, 2019, 63(7): 751-758.
[35] 周大地, 曾卫东, 刘江林, 等. 去应力退火对薄壁钛管表面残余应力的影响[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2019, 29(7): 1384-1390.
ZHOU D D, ZENG W D, LIU J L, et al.Effect of Stress Relieving Annealing on Surface Residual Stress of Thin-Walled Ti Pipe[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2019, 29(7): 1384-1390.
[36] 江先锋, 向顺华, 陈乃录. 退火工艺对冷轧纯钛带再结晶织构的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2011, 40(18): 167-169.
JIANG X F, XIANG S H, CHEN N L.Effect of Annealing Processes on Recrystallization Texture of Cold Rolling Pure Titanium Strip[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2011, 40(18): 167-169.

Funding

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (52305423); Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2023-JC-QN-0518); Qin Chuang Yuan Talent Project of Shaanxi Province (QCYRCXM-2022-286); Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program(2025CY-YBXM-583)