Numerical Simulation and Verification of Combined Shell Structures for EFP Warheads

HU Yanchen; DENG Zhenyu; SUN Zhiyuan; LIU Bo; SHI Haicheng

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.007

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Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2) : 73-80. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.007

Process Technology in the Ordnance Industry

Numerical Simulation and Verification of Combined Shell Structures for EFP Warheads

HU Yanchen¹, DENG Zhenyu¹, SUN Zhiyuan¹, LIU Bo¹, SHI Haicheng^2,*

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Abstract

To address the problems of poor Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) formation and insufficient armor-piercing power of EFP warheads with low-density material shells, the work aims to conduct a combined shell design to improve the performance. Firstly, detonation models of EFP warheads with different shell materials were established by means of numerical simulation. The overpressure and detonation wave impulse at different positions of the liner were obtained to analyze the law of how shell materials affecting EFP formation. Then, numerical simulation and comparison were carried out on the EFP formation of combined shell schemes with different embedding positions, so as to study the effect of embedding positions on EFP formation. Finally, experiments were adopted to verify the flight stability and armor-piercing power of the designed combined shell EFP warheads. Numerical simulation results showed that among the three monolithic shell materials (aluminum, steel, copper), the steel shell EFP warhead provided a higher overpressure peak and the highest detonation wave impulse for EFP driving, and its driving effect on the EFP tail was relatively smooth and durable, which was beneficial to EFP formation. In the combined shell design, embedding a steel ring near the liner in the aluminum shell was conducive to improving the compactness of the EFP head and enhancing the EFP's armor-piercing capability. Experimental results indicated that the EFP formed by the designed combined shell EFP warhead had good flight stability and armor-piercing power. Among aluminum, steel and copper, steel is the most favorable shell material for EFP formation. In the combined shell design, embedding a steel ring near the liner in the aluminum shell helps to increase the detonation wave impulse at the EFP tail during detonation and improve the EFP's armor-piercing capability. Through the simulation and experiment of the combined shell EFP warhead, the goals of improving EFP formation and enhancing EFP's armor-piercing power are achieved.

Key words

EFP warhead / numerical simulation / combined shell / EFP formation / static detonation experiment

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HU Yanchen, DENG Zhenyu, SUN Zhiyuan, LIU Bo, SHI Haicheng. Numerical Simulation and Verification of Combined Shell Structures for EFP Warheads[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(2): 73-80 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.007

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