Laser Forming Process and Weld Quality of Q235 Steel

LIU Pinxiao; LIU Haonan; LIU Zhenyang; YAN Jisen; WANG Minghui; XIE Fang; XIJIN HUA

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.014

PDF(9415 KB)

Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1) : 149-159. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.014

Advanced Joining Technology

Laser Forming Process and Weld Quality of Q235 Steel

LIU Pinxiao^1,2, LIU Haonan¹, LIU Zhenyang^1,3, YAN Jisen^1,*, WANG Minghui¹, XIE Fang¹, XIJIN HUA⁴

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effects of different laser powers on the forming properties of Q235 steel. Under constant welding speed and defocus distance in laser welding, experiments were conducted on 2.4 mm thick Q235 steel sheets at six different laser powers of 600, 750, 900, 1 050, 1 200, and 1 350 W. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the welded joints obtained at different laser powers were analyzed. The welded joints of Q235 steel obtained by laser welding under 900-1 350 W power were well formed. There was some slat martensite in the weld region, making its hardness and tensile strength higher than those of the base metal region. The tensile strength of the welded joints obtained at 1 350 W laser power was the highest, 382 MPa, followed by the welded joints obtained at 1 200 W laser power, which was 380 MPa. The microhardness of the welded joints obtained at 1 200 W laser power was the highest, 275.66HV. The welded joints obtained at 1 200 W laser power had the best corrosion resistance, with a self-corrosion current density of 5.19×10^-6 A/cm² and the largest arc resistance radius. The tensile section ports were mainly composed of uniformly distributed equiaxial ligament fossae. Under a laser power of 1 200 W, a welding speed of 500 mm/min, and a defocusing amount of -5 mm, the overall performance of the welded joints is excellent.

Key words

Q235 steel / laser welding / mechanical properties / microstructure / corrosion resistance

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

LIU Pinxiao, LIU Haonan, LIU Zhenyang, YAN Jisen, WANG Minghui, XIE Fang, XIJIN HUA. Laser Forming Process and Weld Quality of Q235 Steel[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(1): 149-159 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.014

References

[1] HU N, FAN W, WU Q L, et al.Dynamic Tensile Behavior and Rate-Dependent Constitutive Model of 304+Q235 Bimetallic Steel[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2024, 222: 108991.
[2] 王巍, 张宇, 乔勇. DP1180激光焊接接头微观组织及力学性能[J]. 精密成形工程, 2024, 16(10): 199-207.
WANG W, ZHANG Y, QIAO Y.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of DP1180 Laser Welded Joints[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2024, 16(10): 199-207.
[3] ZHANG X, MENG Z B, ZHOU Y, et al.Research on QPQ Rare Earth Nitriding Process on Properties of Q235 Carbon Steel[J]. Philosophical Magazine, 2023, 103(13): 1232-1246.
[4] SUN X.Exploring Metasequoia Glyptostroboides Leaf Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Q235 Steel[J]. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2024, 19(2): 100494.
[5] MA W, XU X, XIE Y S, et al.Microstructural Evolution and Anti-Corrosion Properties of Laser Cladded Ti Based Coating on Q235 Steel[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2024, 477: 130383.
[6] SONG D B, WANG R F, WANG T, et al.Interface Strengthening Mechanism of TZM/Q235 Joint by Ultrasonic-Assisted Electron Beam Welding with High Entropy Alloy Interlayer[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2024, 123: 106772.
[7] DAI G, LIU Y M, CHEN K, et al.Effect of Cumulative Deformation and Interlayer Mechanical Properties on Bonding Strength of Corrugated Interface Steel/Aluminum Composite Plate[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2023, 103: 78-89.
[8] JIN L, CAI J X, ZHANG B J, et al.Optimization of Surface Morphology and Mechanism of Liquid-Assisted Combined Laser Removal of Surface Rust on Q235 Steel[J]. Optics Communications, 2025, 578: 131496.
[9] CHEN B, ZHU Y X, HAO Y M, et al.In-Situ Investigation on Deformation and Fracture Mechanism of 304/Q235 Clad Plate Produced by Hot Roll Bonding[J]. Vacuum, 2025, 233: 113916.
[10] LIU H Q, DONG H, WANG T H, et al.Simulation and Experimental Study on Laser Cleaning of Paint-Rust Mixed Layer on a Q235 Surface[J]. Applied Optics, 2024, 63(12): 3290-3298.
[11] 赵渊博. 45钢和Q235金属的焊接工艺分析[J]. 现代工业经济和信息化, 2018, 8(15): 121-122.
ZHAO Y B.Analysis of Welding Process of 45 Steel and Q235 Metal[J]. Modern Industrial Economy and Informationization, 2018, 8(15): 121-122.
[12] 田盛, 陆皓, 徐济进. Q235薄板对接焊变形控制技术研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2013, 42(17): 186-188.
TIAN S, LU H, XU J J.Research on Deformation Control of Butt-Welded Q235 Steel Sheet[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2013, 42(17): 186-188.
[13] 高辉, 焦向东, 周灿丰, 等. Q235钢摩擦叠焊单元成形焊接接头金相组织分析[J]. 焊接技术, 2013, 42(6): 12-14.
GAO H, JIAO X D, ZHOU C F, et al.Analysis of Metallurgical Structure for Q235 Steel Welded Joint by Friction Stitch Unit Welding[J]. Welding Technology, 2013, 42(6): 12-14.
[14] 周利, 张仁晓, 舒凤远, 等. Q235钢搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织与力学性能分析[J]. 焊接学报, 2019, 40(3): 80-84.
ZHOU L, ZHANG R X, SHU F Y, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joint of Q235 Steel[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2019, 40(3): 80-84.
[15] ZHU S H, LI L Q, RONG Z Y, et al.Effect of Welding Position and Direction on the Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Double-Pass Friction Stir Lap Welded A6061/Q235 Joints[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2023, 34: 105102.
[16] 钱海盛, 张宇, 邓红川, 等. 焊接工艺参数对Q235钢焊接残余应力的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2015, 44(5): 169-171.
QIAN H S, ZHANG Y, DENG H C, et al.Effect of Welding Process Parameters on Welding Residual Stress of Q235 Steel[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2015, 44(5): 169-171.
[17] 邰驰, 高志刚, 陆建国, 等. 焊接电流对Q235钢焊接接头残余应力的影响[J]. 化工装备技术, 2017, 38(2): 51-55.
TAI C, GAO Z G, LU J G, et al.The Influence of Welding Current on the Residual Stress of Q235 Steel Welded Joint[J]. Chemical Equipment Technology, 2017, 38(2): 51-55.
[18] 赵勇桃, 李波波, 鲁海涛, 等. Q235钢与316不锈钢异种钢焊接接头组织及力学性能的研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2019, 48(11): 35-38.
ZHAO Y T, LI B B, LU H T, et al.Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Q235 Steel and 316 Stainless Steel Welded Joints[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2019, 48(11): 35-38.
[19] 孟华, 赵国英. Q235等离子弧焊接工艺研究[J]. 科技创新与生产力, 2012(12): 97-98.
MENG H, ZHAO G Y.Research on Welding Procedure of Q235 Plasma Arc[J]. Sci-Tech Innovation and Productivity, 2012(12): 97-98.
[20] CHEN C, FAN C L, CAI X Y, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Q235 Steel Welded Joint in Pulsed and Un-Pulsed Ultrasonic Assisted Gas Tungsten Arc Welding[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2020, 275: 116335.
[21] 李宝峰, 辛文彤, 李志尊, 等. Q235钢手工自蔓延焊接工艺研究[J]. 河北工业科技, 2008, 25(4): 193-195.
LI B F, XIN W T, LI Z Z, et al.Study on Manual SHS Welding Based on Q235 Steel[J]. Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology, 2008, 25(4): 193-195.
[22] 陈力, 杨东山, 陆军堂. Q235钢薄板激光焊和CO₂气体保护焊接头组织及性能对比研究[J]. 装备制造技术, 2023(11): 70-75.
CHEN L, YANG D S, LU J T.Comparative Study on Microstructure and Properties of Q235 Steel Thin Plate Laser Welding and CO₂ Gas Shielded Welding Joint[J]. Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2023(11): 70-75.
[23] 范霁康, 战英扬, 徐鸿林, 等. Q235钢薄板激光焊接头微观组织与力学性能[J]. 焊接技术, 2023, 52(2): 43-46.
FAN J K, ZHAN Y Y, XU H L, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded Joint of Q235 Steel Sheet[J]. Welding Technology, 2023, 52(2): 43-46.
[24] 徐育烺, 李敬勇, 石铭霄, 等. Q235/304异种钢激光焊接接头组织及力学性能研究[J]. 应用激光, 2022, 42(4): 21-28.
XU Y L, LI J Y, SHI M X, et al.Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded Joint of Q235/304 Dissimilar Steel[J]. Applied Laser, 2022, 42(4): 21-28.
[25] 王波, 舒林森. 离焦量对Q235/316薄板激光焊接的影响[J]. 陕西理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 35(4): 9-14.
WANG B, SHU L S.Effect of Defocusing on Laser Welding of Q235/316 Sheet Metal[J]. Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 35(4): 9-14.
[26] 王家胜, 舒林森. 光束偏移量对Q235/304激光焊接接头组织与性能的影响[J]. 陕西理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 35(2): 1-5.
WANG J S, SHU L S.Effect of Laser Beam Displacement on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Q235/304 by Laser Welding[J]. Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 35(2): 1-5.
[27] 张文钺. 焊接冶金学: 基本原理[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002.
ZHANG W Y.Welding Metallurgy: Basic Principles[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002.
[28] 于宸乾, 任刚, 黄映杰, 等. Q235钢扫描激光热丝焊接工艺特性与组织性能研究[J]. 中国激光, 2024, 51(12): 58-66.
YU C Q, REN G, HUANG Y J, et al.Process Characteristics, Microstructure, and Properties of Q235 Steel by Scanning Laser Hot Wire Welding[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2024, 51(12): 58-66.
[29] 刘亚丽. 钛-钢复合板CMT+激光焊接工艺研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2018.
LIU Y L.Research on CMT+laser Welding Process of Titanium-steel Composite Plate[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2018.
[30] 卢东华. 316L不锈钢/Q345钢焊接接头组织与性能研究[D]. 成都: 西南石油大学, 2015.
LU D H.Study on the Organization and Properties of Welded Joints of 316L Stainless Steel/Q345 Steel[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Petroleum University, 2015.
[31] 林丹, 谷高扬, 商剑. 激光重熔处理对铝合金微弧氧化层组织及性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2023, 48(4): 264-272.
LIN D, GU G Y, SHANG J.Effect of Laser Remelting on Microstructure and Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Layer on Aluminum Alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2023, 48(4): 264-272.

Funding

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (52201044); Natural Science Foundation of Henan (252300421563); Key Research Projects of Henan Provincial Colleges and Universities(25B450001); Basic and Frontier Research Project of Nanyang (24JCQY032); Major Special Project of Collaborative Innovation in Nanyang (22XTCX12003); Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province (172102210415); Industry-University-Research Cooperation Program of Henan Province (182107000037)