Effect of Different Welding Angles on the Microstructure and Properties of TA15 Titanium Alloy Joints Fabricated by Laser Wire Filling Welding

LIU Hongwei; JIANG Qing; ZHENG Min; ZHANG Zhao; WANG Shanlin; CHEN Yuhua

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.12.024

PDF(34888 KB)

Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (12) : 227-240. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.12.024

Advanced Manufacturing technology and Equipment

Effect of Different Welding Angles on the Microstructure and Properties of TA15 Titanium Alloy Joints Fabricated by Laser Wire Filling Welding

LIU Hongwei¹, JIANG Qing², ZHENG Min², ZHANG Zhao¹, WANG Shanlin^2,*, CHEN Yuhua²

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to achieve high-quality welding of thin TA15 titanium alloy plates and meet their service performance requirements in aerospace environment. Butt joints of thin TA15 titanium alloy plates were prepared with laser wire filling welding technology and the effects of welding angles on the forming quality, microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld were investigated systematically. The results showed that the surface morphology of the joints was similar across different welding angles. While the bottom width of the joints increased and then decreased with the increasing welding angle, reaching a maximum overall width at 60° with an "X"-shaped cross-section. Additionally, as the welding angle increased, the porosity significantly decreased, with pores mainly concentrated at the bottom of the weld and dominated by metallurgical pores. Microstructural analysis revealed that a large number of martensite packets were observed in the joint welded at 60°, while basket-weave martensite was predominant in joints at other angles. The heat-affected zone consisted of massive α phase, residual β phase, and acicular martensite, similar to that in flat-welded joints. The proportion of high-angle grain boundaries in all joints exceeded 92%. Tensile tests showed that the tensile strength of all welded joints exceeded that of the base metal, with the joint welded at 60° exhibiting the highest strength of 1 121 MPa and an elongation at break ranging from 55% to 64%. The tensile deformation occurred in the region with the lowest hardness, and fracture consistently took place in the heat-affected zone. This study demonstrates that the laser wire filling welding parameters significantly affect the properties of TA15 titanium alloy joints, providing valuable insights for titanium alloy welding in aerospace applications.

Key words

laser wire filling welding / TA15 titanium alloy / welding angle / microstructure / mechanical property

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

LIU Hongwei, JIANG Qing, ZHENG Min, ZHANG Zhao, WANG Shanlin, CHEN Yuhua. Effect of Different Welding Angles on the Microstructure and Properties of TA15 Titanium Alloy Joints Fabricated by Laser Wire Filling Welding[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(12): 227-240 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.12.024

References

[1] 刘世锋, 宋玺, 薛彤, 等. 钛合金及钛基复合材料在航空航天的应用和发展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2020, 40(3): 77-94.
LIU S F, SONG X, XUE T, et al.Application and Development of Titanium Alloy and Titanium Matrix Composites in Aerospace Field[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2020, 40(3): 77-94.
[2] BOYER R R.An Overview on the Use of Titanium in the Aerospace Industry[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1996, 213(1/2): 103-114.
[3] 张君豪, 朱宗涛, 刘瑞琳, 等. 焊接位置对激光-电弧复合焊接底部驼峰的影响[J]. 精密成形工程, 2024, 16(5): 174-181.
ZHANG J H, ZHU Z T, LIU R L, et al.Effect of Welding Position on Bottom Hump of Laser-Arc Composite Welding[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2024, 16(5): 174-181.
[4] 孙文君, 王善林, 陈玉华, 等. 钛合金先进焊接技术研究现状[J]. 航空制造技术, 2019, 62(18): 63-72.
SUN W J, WANG S L, CHEN Y H, et al.Development of Advanced Welding Technologies for Titanium Alloys[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2019, 62(18): 63-72.
[5] 金和喜, 魏克湘, 李建明, 等. 航空用钛合金研究进展[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2015, 25(2): 280-292.
JIN H X, WEI K X, LI J M, et al.Research Development of Titanium Alloy in Aerospace Industry[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2015, 25(2): 280-292.
[6] 刘全明, 张朝晖, 刘世锋, 等. 钛合金在航空航天及武器装备领域的应用与发展[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2015, 27(3): 1-4.
LIU Q M, ZHANG Z H, LIU S F, et al.Application and Development of Titanium Alloy in Aerospace and Military Hardware[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2015, 27(3): 1-4.
[7] ST WĘGLOWSKI M, BŁACHA S, PHILLIPS A. Electron Beam Welding-Techniques and Trends-Review[J]. Vacuum, 2016, 130: 72-92.
[8] GAO Q Y, BU H C, LING W L, et al.Effect of Defocusing Amount on Morphology and Microstructure of 8-mm-Thick Ti-6Al-4V Laser Deep Penetration Welded Joint[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2022, 119(5): 3747-3756.
[9] LI C, LI B, WU Z F, et al.Stitch Welding of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy by Fiber Laser[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2017, 27(1): 91-101.
[10] FAN H, ZHOU P, LI J, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Arc Zone and Laser Zone of TC4 Titanium Alloy Laser-TIG Hybrid Welded Joint[J]. Metals, 2022, 12(11): 1854.
[11] KUMAR K, MASANTA M, KUMAR S S.Microstructure Evolution and Metallurgical Characteristic of Bead-on-Plate TIG Welding of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2019, 265: 34-43.
[12] 戚运莲, 洪权, 刘向, 等. 钛及钛合金的焊接技术[J]. 钛工业进展, 2004, 21(6): 25-29.
QI Y L, HONG Q, LIU X, et al.Welding Technology of Titanium and Its Alloys[J]. Titanium Industry Progress, 2004, 21(6): 25-29.
[13] KAUR A, RIBTON C, BALACHANDRAN W.Development of a Novel Approach for Characterising Electron Beams and Quality Assurance of Welds[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2016, 24: 217-224.
[14] REGAARD B, KAIERLE S, POPRAWE R.Seam-Tracking for High Precision Laser Welding Applications—Methods, Restrictions and Enhanced Concepts[J]. Journal of Laser Applications, 2009, 21(4): 183-195.
[15] 黄瑞生, 方乃文, 武鹏博, 等. 厚壁钛合金熔化焊接技术研究现状[J]. 电焊机, 2022, 52(6): 10-24.
HUANG R S, FANG N W, WU P B, et al.Research Status of Thick Plate Titanium Alloy Fusion Welding Technology[J]. Electric Welding Machine, 2022, 52(6): 10-24.
[16] SUN Q J, XIE X.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TA15 Alloy after Thermo-Mechanical Processing[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2018, 724: 493-501.
[17] PANWISAWAS C, PERUMAL B, WARD R M, et al.Keyhole Formation and Thermal Fluid Flow-Induced Porosity during Laser Fusion Welding in Titanium Alloys: Experimental and Modelling[J]. Acta Materialia, 2017, 126: 251-263.
[18] CHEN J C, OUYANG Z P, DU X W, et al.Weld Pool Dynamics and Joining Mechanism in Pulse Wave Laser Beam Welding of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Sheets Assembled in Butt Joint with an Air Gap[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2022, 146: 107558.
[19] 杜汉斌, 胡伦骥, 胡席远. 激光填丝焊技术[J]. 航空制造技术, 2002, 45(11): 60-63.
DU H B, HU L J, HU X Y.Technology of Laser Filler Wire Welding[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2002, 45(11): 60-63.
[20] SUN Z, KUO M.Bridging the Joint Gap with Wire Feed Laser Welding[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1999, 87(1/2/3): 213-222.
[21] XUE L N, XIAO J F, NIE Z H, et al.Dynamic Response of Ti-6.5Al-1Mo-1V-2Zr-0.1B Alloy Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2021, 800: 140310.
[22] SUN J H, FENG K, ZHANG K, et al.Fiber Laser Welding of Thick AISI 304 Plate in a Horizontal (2G) Butt Joint Configuration[J]. Materials & Design, 2017, 118: 53-65.
[23] CHANG B H, YUAN Z, PU H T, et al.A Comparative Study on the Laser Welding of Ti₆Al₄V Alloy Sheets in Flat and Horizontal Positions[J]. Applied Sciences, 2017, 7(4): 376.
[24] CHENG H, KANG L, PANG J C, et al.Effect of the Welding Position on Weld Quality when Laser Welding Inconel 617 Ni-Based Superalloy[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2021, 139: 106962.
[25] 何双, 陈辉, 曹鑫宇, 等. 激光-MAG复合焊接不同空间位置下熔滴形态及焊缝形貌特征[J]. 热加工工艺, 2018, 47(17): 76-80.
HE S, CHEN H, CAO X Y, et al.Droplet and Weld Morphologies of Laser-MAG Hybrid Welding under Different Spatial Positions[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2018, 47(17): 76-80.
[26] 李峰, 夏希玮, 杜勇, 等. Ti64钛合金窄间隙激光填丝焊接头组织性能[J]. 船舶工程, 2023, 45(9): 135-140.
LI F, XIA X W, DU Y, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti64 Titanium Alloy Narrow Gap Laser Welding with Filler Wire[J]. Ship Engineering, 2023, 45(9): 135-140.
[27] 董兵天, 安子良, 陈昊睿, 等. 厚壁钛合金激光填丝焊研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 电焊机, 2025, 55(2): 46-57.
DONG B T, AN Z L, CHEN H R, et al.The Current Status and Development Trend of Laser Filler Welding of Thick-Walled Titanium Alloys[J]. Electric Welding Machine, 2025, 55(2): 46-57.
[28] 方乃文, 黄瑞生, 谢吉林, 等. 大厚度TC4钛合金超窄间隙激光填丝焊接头组织性能研究[J]. 电焊机, 2022, 52(6): 25-34.
FANG N W, HUANG R S, XIE J L, et al.Study on Properties and Microstructures of Large Thickness TC4 Titanium Alloy Welded Joint by Ultra-Narrow Gap Laser Welding Using Filler Wire[J]. Electric Welding Machine, 2022, 52(6): 25-34.
[29] 张世伟, 王珏, 佀好学, 等. TC4钛合金激光自熔焊焊接组织及性能[J]. 焊接, 2024(6): 33-39.
ZHANG S W, WANG J, SI H X, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TC4 Titanium Alloy by Autogenous Laser Welding[J]. Welding & Joining, 2024(6): 33-39.
[30] 李军兆, 孙清洁, 张清华, 等. 空间多位置摆动激光填丝焊接熔池动态行为及焊缝成形[J]. 焊接学报, 2021, 42(10): 35-39.
LI J Z, SUN Q J, ZHANG Q H, et al.Research on Molten Pool Dynamic Behavior and Weld Formation of Transverse Oscillating Laser Welding Process for Various Positions in Space[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2021, 42(10): 35-39.
[31] 王定洲, 陈刚, 张宇, 等. 空间焊接位置对熔滴过渡的影响[J]. 江苏科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 32(5): 633-636.
WANG D Z, CHEN G, ZHANG Y, et al.Effect of Spatial Welding Positions on Molten Droplet Transfer[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 32(5): 633-636.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (52475363, U24A20117, 52175326, 52575394); Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20232ACB204020)