Hot Deformation and Forging Forming of 10CrNi2Mo3Cu2V Steel for Gear Shafts

WANG Fei; WEI Xinyue; SHAO Bin; ZONG Yingying

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.016

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Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (11) : 170-177. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.016

Intelligent Processing of Advanced Materials

Hot Deformation and Forging Forming of 10CrNi2Mo3Cu2V Steel for Gear Shafts

WANG Fei¹, WEI Xinyue², SHAO Bin^2,*, ZONG Yingying²

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Abstract

The work aims to systematically investigate the hot deformation behavior of 10CrNi2Mo3Cu2V gear steel to determine its optimal hot forging temperature range and to guide the precision forging process of gear shafts. With a complex gear shaft as the forming objective, the forming process and billet dimensions are studied to provide technical guidance for precision forging of related components. Hot compression tests were performed with a 100 t hydraulic press to simulate the forging process, and the effects of deformation temperature on the microstructure evolution were analyzed. The deformed microstructures, including grain size, crystal orientation, and Schmid factor, were characterized with an Axio Observer optical microscope and a SU5000 field-emission scanning electron microscope. Finite element simulations of precision forging were conducted with Deform-3D software, and actual forging experiments were performed on a 5 000 t press. Coarse grains with sizes exceeding 200 μm appeared when the temperature was above 1 150 ℃. Uniform and fine grains were obtained when the temperature was within 1 120-1 130 ℃. When the temperature was below 1 100 ℃, the required forming load increased sharply and microstructural uniformity deteriorated. Finite element simulation and experimental forging of the gear shaft demonstrated that billets with diameters of 170 mm and 180 mm both achieved satisfactory forming, thereby yielding a more uniform strain field in the forgings and enabling the precision formation of intricate gear shafts with superior quality. Consequently, 1 120-1 130 ℃ is identified as the optimal hot deformation temperature range for 10CrNi2Mo3Cu2V gear steel, and a billet diameter of 180 mm is determined to be the most suitable for precision forging of the investigated gear shaft.

Key words

10CrNi2Mo3Cu2V steel / microstructure / precision forging / finite element simulation

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WANG Fei, WEI Xinyue, SHAO Bin, ZONG Yingying. Hot Deformation and Forging Forming of 10CrNi2Mo3Cu2V Steel for Gear Shafts[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(11): 170-177 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.016

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