Process Optimization of the Bullet Wheel

LI Shiguang; LIANG Weihe; WANG Tingjun

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.020

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Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (10) : 198-206. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.020

Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Equipment

Process Optimization of the Bullet Wheel

LI Shiguang^*, LIANG Weihe, WANG Tingjun

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Abstract

To solve the problem of low utilization rate of raw materials for the bullet wheel, the work aims to put forward a process optimization scheme and make blanks by rotary friction welding of 30CrNi2MoVA steel rod and validate the feasibility of the process. The split rotary friction welding of 30CrNi2MoVA steel rod was employed to fabricate blanks. A comparative analysis was conducted between the as-welded blanks not subject to normalizing and those subject to normalizing. Through ultrasonic testing, quenching and tempering treatment, followed by sampling and sample preparation, the optimized process flow for the bullet wheel was determined by comprehensive testing and analysis of chemical composition, hardness, tensile properties, microstructure, and impact performance. The welded joint and base metal area were tested by ultrasonic testing and met the requirements of Level I standard, with good consistency in chemical composition. Compared with the non-normalized samples that underwent direct quenching and tempering, the normalized and tempered samples exhibited higher hardness, smaller deviation, and greater uniformity. After normalizing, the 30CrNi2MoVA sample was quenched at 860 ℃ and tempered at 650 ℃ and the mechanical properties met the requirements of GJB 2720A—2019 “Specification for Structural Steel Bars for Small Arms”. Normalizing (heating with the furnace, 880 ℃, air cooling) can eliminate the welding stress and organizational heritability of 30CrNi2MoVA steel rotary friction welding, refine the microstructure grain, homogenize the microstructure, and prepare for the final heat treatment. The blanks of the bullet wheel made by rotary friction welding after normalizing treatment, quenching (860 ℃, oil cooling) and tempering (550 ℃, water cooling) meet the technical requirements of 37-42HRC on the drawing. By reconstructing the integrated process of “split rotary friction welding+normalizing and quenching and tempering”, the utilization rate of raw materials for the bullet wheel increases by 9%, while meeting the use requirements, achieving the purpose of process optimization.

Key words

bullet wheel / process optimization / 30CrNi2MoVA steel / rotary friction welding / normalizing / process flow

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LI Shiguang, LIANG Weihe, WANG Tingjun. Process Optimization of the Bullet Wheel[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(10): 198-206 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.020

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