Effect of Diffusion Time on the Microstructure and Properties of Heterogeneous Duplex Stainless Steel Diffusion Bonding Interface

LIU Yafei; ZHAO Yanjun; LI Linze; ZENG Yinjie; LUO Yingying; YANG Qiqi

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.014

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Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (10) : 146-156. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.014

Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Equipment

Effect of Diffusion Time on the Microstructure and Properties of Heterogeneous Duplex Stainless Steel Diffusion Bonding Interface

LIU Yafei^a, ZHAO Yanjun^a,b*, LI Linze^a, ZENG Yinjie^a, LUO Yingying^a, YANG Qiqi^a

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Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effect of diffusion time on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of heterogeneous duplex stainless steel diffusion bonding joints, so as to optimize process parameters and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Dissimilar S32304/S32750 duplex stainless steel joints were fabricated with a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator under vacuum conditions at 8 MPa and 1 000 ℃, with the diffusion time ranging from 5 to 30 min. As the diffusion time increased from 5 min to 30 min, the shear strength of the joints improved from 410 MPa to 492 MPa. Similarly, the microhardness at the joint interface exhibited a comparable trend, increasing from 288.2HV to 315.4HV. With the increase of diffusion time, the hardness on the S32750 side of the joint decreased from 330.1HV to 319.4HV, while on the S32304 side, it first increased and then decreased, reaching a peak value of 304.8HV at 20 min. Diffusion kinetics analysis revealed that the diffusion rates of Fe, Cr, and Ni decreased with the increasing diffusion time, following the order of Fe, Cr, Ni. Among these elements, the diffusion rate of Fe was the most sensitive to the diffusion duration. At 5 min, a significant interfacial gap was observed, along with enrichment of Mo and Cr at the interface, and the shear fracture surface contained numerous unbonded regions. As the diffusion time increased, these interfacial gaps progressively closed, transforming some unbonded regions into voids. The enrichment of Mo and Cr diminished and eventually disappeared, resulting in a more homogeneous interface and a reduction in the unbonded areas observed in the shear fracture. The fracture surface morphology transitioned to being fully characterized by dimples, indicative of a complete shift to ductile fracture. Diffusion time exerts a significant effect on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar duplex stainless steel diffusion bonding joints. Within the diffusion time range (5- 20 min), adequate diffusion of Mo and Cr facilitates gap closure and grain boundary migration, leading to strong metallurgical bonding and improved mechanical properties. Extending the diffusion time beyond this range has a negligible impact on joint quality. The optimal performance of the diffusion bonding joint is achieved at the diffusion time of 20 min, with a shear strength of 486 MPa and a microhardness of 313.7HV.

Key words

S32304 duplex stainless steel / S32750 duplex stainless steel / diffusion bonding / diffusion time / dynamics simulation

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LIU Yafei, ZHAO Yanjun, LI Linze, ZENG Yinjie, LUO Yingying, YANG Qiqi. Effect of Diffusion Time on the Microstructure and Properties of Heterogeneous Duplex Stainless Steel Diffusion Bonding Interface[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(10): 146-156 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.014

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Funding

Guangxi University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project (S202410593203); Nanning Science and Technology Development Project (20231026); National Natural Science Foundation of China (51661004)