Laser Welding Process of Dissimilar Austenite Stainless Steel with Different Components

LIU Hui; HUANG Su; ZHANG Xiaoqing

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.022

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Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (8) : 213-221. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.022

Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Equipment

Laser Welding Process of Dissimilar Austenite Stainless Steel with Different Components

LIU Hui^*, HUANG Su, ZHANG Xiaoqing

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Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effects of laser welding process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of fiber laser butt welded joints of 304 and low-nickel 201 Austenitic stainless steel. The experimental scheme of laser butt welding was designed based on the orthogonal test of three factors and three levels for 2 mm thick 304 and 201 Austenitic stainless steel. With the tensile strength as the index, the welding process was optimized by the range analysis method. Then, the effects of laser welding parameters on weld forming and mechanical properties and microstructure of joints were studied. The welding speed had the greatest effect on the tensile shear force of joints, followed by the defocusing distance, and the welding power had the minimum effect. The microhardness of the weld zone was higher than that of the heat-affected zone and the base metal on both sides of 304 and 201 Austenitic stainless steel. The formation of laser butt welded joints of 304 and low-nickel 201 Austenitic stainless steel was well. The fine columnar dendritic structure was formed in the center of the welded joint and the coarse columnar structure grew perpendicular to the fusion line in the fusion zone. The main welding defect in the laser welded butt joints of 304 and 201 Austenitic stainless steel was porosity, which was mainly affected by welding speed and defocusing distance, and seriously reduced the mechanical properties of the welded joints. Within the range of given experimental parameters, the optimal process parameters are welding power of 1.4 kW, welding speed of 0.025 m/s, and defocusing distance of -1 mm, which is conductive to producing welded joints with beautiful shape and excellent performance as well as tensile strength of 724.33 MPa.

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304 stainless steel / 201 stainless steel / laser welding / microstructure / mechanical properties

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LIU Hui, HUANG Su, ZHANG Xiaoqing. Laser Welding Process of Dissimilar Austenite Stainless Steel with Different Components[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(8): 213-221 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.022

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