Effect of SiC Particles on the High Temperature Microstructure and Properties of WAAM 2319 Aluminum Alloy

WANG Feng; REN Lingling; WANG Shuai; LI Chengde; WANG Wei; MING Zhu

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.008

PDF(5533 KB)

Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (8) : 68-76. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.008

Light Alloy Forming

Effect of SiC Particles on the High Temperature Microstructure and Properties of WAAM 2319 Aluminum Alloy

WANG Feng, REN Lingling^*, WANG Shuai, LI Chengde, WANG Wei, MING Zhu

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effect of SiC particles on the microstructure and properties of 2319 aluminium alloy under high temperature in wire and arc addictive manufacturing (WAAM). Specimens of 2319 aluminium alloy were added with 0, 0.15%, and 0.3% SiC (3-5 μm) particles and a deposit was prepared with the WAAM Cold Metal Transfer Pulse Advanced (CMT-PA) technology. Metallographic, SEM, EDS, TEM, and tensile tests were conducted on specimens cut from the deposit to analyze the microstructure and mechanical properties at high temperatures. The addition of SiC particles reduced the grain size. When the SiC particle content was 0.15% and 0.3%, the average grain size of the deposit in the T6 state decreased from 27.39 μm to 22.79 μm and 24.46 μm, respectively, representing a reduction of 16.8% and 11.0%. The addition of SiC particles altered the size of the primary θ-phase in 2319 aluminium alloy. When 0.15% SiC particles were added, they were well-dispersed in the deposit without agglomeration, and no voids or gaps were observed at the interface between the SiC particles and the 2319 aluminium alloy matrix, indicating good bonding. The changes in high temperature mechanical properties with the addition of 0.15% and 0.3% SiC particles, compared to those without SiC particles, were as follows: the transverse tensile strength increased from 296 MPa to 342 MPa, an increase of 15% and the longitudinal tensile strength increased from 284 MPa to 343 MPa and 327 MPa, respectively, representing an increase of 20% and 15%. The addition of SiC particles can refine the microstructure grains and improve the high temperature mechanical properties of WAAM 2319 aluminium alloy.

Key words

WAAM / aluminium alloy / SiC particles / microstructure / high temperature mechanical properties

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

WANG Feng, REN Lingling, WANG Shuai, LI Chengde, WANG Wei, MING Zhu. Effect of SiC Particles on the High Temperature Microstructure and Properties of WAAM 2319 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(8): 68-76 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.008

References

[1] ZHANG L, WANG S T, WANG H X, et al.Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Revolution of Vibration Assisted Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing 2319 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2023, 885: 145634.
[2] CHEN M T, GONG Z C, ZHANG T Y, et al.Mechanical Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels Produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2024, 196: 111455.
[3] BUCHANAN C, GARDNER L.Metal 3D Printing in Construction: A Review of Methods, Research, Applications, Opportunities and Challenges[J]. Engineering Structures, 2019, 180: 332-348.
[4] CHEN M T, ZUO W K, CHEN Y Y, et al.Parametric Topology Optimization Design and Analysis of Additively Manufactured Joints in Spatial Grid Structures[J]. Engineering Structures, 2024, 300: 117123.
[5] KANYILMAZ A, DEMIR A G, CHIERICI M, et al.Role of Metal 3D Printing to Increase Quality and Resource-Efficiency in the Construction Sector[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2022, 50: 102541.
[6] ZUO W K, CHEN M T, CHEN Y Y, et al.Additive Manufacturing Oriented Parametric Topology Optimization Design and Numerical Analysis of Steel Joints in Gridshell Structures[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2023, 188: 110817.
[7] FARUP I, DREZET J M, RAPPAZ M.In Situ Observation of Hot Tearing Formation in Succinonitrile-Acetone[J]. Acta Materialia, 2001, 49(7): 1261-1269.
[8] LI B, SHEN Y F, HU W Y.Casting Defects Induced Fatigue Damage in Aircraft Frames of ZL205A Aluminum Alloy-a Failure Analysis[J]. Materials & Design, 2011, 32(5): 2570-2582.
[9] MEZA E S, BERTELLI F, GOULART P R, et al.The Effect of the Growth Rate on Microsegregation: Experimental Investigation in Hypoeutectic Al-Fe and Al-Cu Alloys Directionally Solidified[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, 561: 193-200.
[10] SUN T T, GENG J W, BIAN Z Y, et al.Enhanced Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of High-Temperature Resistant Al-Cu Alloy with Zr and Mn Micro-Alloying[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2022, 32(1): 64-78.
[11] JAVIDANI M, LAROUCHE D.Application of Cast Al-Si Alloys in Internal Combustion Engine Components[J]. International Materials Reviews, 2014, 59(3): 132-158.
[12] ZHANG J Y, ZUO L J, FENG J, et al.Effect of Thermal Exposure on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Cu-Ni-Mg Alloy Produced by Different Casting Technologies[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2020, 30(7): 1717-1730.
[13] WANG A, WANG H Z, WU Y, et al.3D Printing of Aluminum Alloys Using Laser Powder Deposition: A Review[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2021, 116(1): 1-37.
[14] LIAO H C, XU H T, HU Y Y.Effect of RE Addition on Solidification Process and High-Temperature Strength of Al-12%Si-4%Cu-1.6%Mn Heat-Resistant Alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2019, 29(6): 1117-1126.
[15] SHAHA S K, CZERWINSKI F, KASPRZAK W, et al.Monotonic and Cyclic Deformation Behavior of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloy with Micro-Additions of Ti, V and Zr[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2015, 70: 383-394.
[16] JIA H L, SUN H, WANG H Z, et al.Scanning Strategy in Selective Laser Melting (SLM): A Review[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2021, 113(9): 2413-2435.
[17] ZHU L, LI N, CHILDS P R N. Light-Weighting in Aerospace Component and System Design[J]. Propulsion and Power Research, 2018, 7(2): 103-119.
[18] KESHARWANI R, JHA K K, IMAM M, et al.Comparison of Microstructural, Texture and Mechanical Properties of SiC and Zn Particle Reinforced FSW 6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 26: 3301-3321.
[19] WU C L, CHEN S, TANG J, et al.Hot Workability of the Multi-Size SiC Particle-Reinforced 6013 Aluminum Matrix Composites[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(2): 796.
[20] 覃明路, 王利春. 体育器材铝基复合材料微观组织及性能研究[J]. 精密成形工程, 2023, 15(3): 47-54.
QIN M L, WANG L C.Microstructure and Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composite for Sports Equipment[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2023, 15(3): 47-54.
[21] WU Y M, ZHOU C, WU R, et al.Synergistic Strengthening of Al-SiC Composites by Nano-Spaced SiC- Nanowires and the Induced High-Density Stacking Faults[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2023, 250: 110458.
[22] DIAO E Z, FAN J Z, YANG Z Y, et al.Hot Deformation Behavior and Mechanisms of SiC Particle Reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Matrix Composites[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(23): 7430.
[23] BHARATH V, AURADI V, KUMAR G B, et al.Microstructural Evolution, Tensile Failure, Fatigue Behavior and Wear Properties of Al₂O₃ Reinforced Al2014 Alloy T6 Heat Treated Metal Composites[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(12): 4244.
[24] SONG X P, NIU J K, HUANG J K, et al.The Effect of B₄C Powder on Properties of the WAAM 2319 Al Alloy[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(1): 436.
[25] MANOJ M, JINU G R, MUTHURAMALINGAM T, et al.Synthetization and Investigation on Mechanical Characteristics of Aluminium Alloy 7075 with TiB2 Composite[J]. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 2021, 22(4): 475-481.
[26] LIU K, JIANG X Q, CHEN S J, et al.Effect of SiC Addition on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Mg Alloy Fabricated by Powder and Wire Cold Metal Transfer Process[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2022, 17: 310-319.
[27] LIU K, SU Y S, WANG X Z, et al.Achieving Simultaneous Enhancement of Strength and Ductility in Al Matrix Composites by Employing the Synergetic Strengthening Effect of Micro- and Nano-SiCps[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2023, 248: 110350.
[28] 靳鹏. 熔丝振动辅助TiC颗粒添加对2219铝合金电弧增材组织及性能影响研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2021.
JIN P.Research on TiC Particles Addition Assisted with Molten Wire Vibration on the Microstructure and Properties of Wire and Arc Additively Manufactured 2219 Aluminium Alloy[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2021.
[29] STJOHN D H, QIAN M, EASTON M A, et al.The Interdependence Theory: The Relationship between Grain Formation and Nucleant Selection[J]. Acta Materialia, 2011, 59(12): 4907-4921.
[30] 顾江龙. CMT工艺增材制造Al-Cu-(Mg)合金的组织与性能的研究[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2016.
GU J L.Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Al-Cu-(Mg) Alloys with the CMT Process[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2016.