基于热影响的20Mn2钢链条耦合断裂微观组织模拟

冯阔; 王会强; 申洺; 邓皓楠; 崔建英; 程明明

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.019

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6) : 209-217. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.019

钢铁成形

基于热影响的20Mn2钢链条耦合断裂微观组织模拟

冯阔¹, 王会强^1,*, 申洺¹, 邓皓楠¹, 崔建英², 程明明³

作者信息 +

Microstructural Simulation of Heat-affected 20Mn2 Steel Chain Coupling Fracture

FENG Kuo¹, WANG Huiqiang^1,*, SHEN Ming¹, DENG Haonan¹, CUI Jianying², CHENG Mingming³

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对国内某厂20Mn2钢链条服役中断裂的问题,以20Mn2钢为研究对象,探究其热处理阶段微观组织演变规律,明确链条断裂的根本原因。方法采用800 ℃中频感应淬火+200 ℃左右低温回火工艺处理20Mn2钢,系统检测断裂链条的非金属夹杂、硬度、显微组织及断口形貌;截取直径20 mm圆柱样品,观察其90°扇形面,设定初始温度为800 ℃,借助COMSOL软件的3种相变模型模拟链条相变过程。结果 20Mn2钢链条断裂的根本原因是其内部存在氧化物夹杂、残留马氏体及未溶铁素体等组织缺陷;其中氧化物夹杂导致表面脆性增大（实测硬度458.6HV）,残留马氏体与未溶铁素体因与基体力学性能差异而形成应力集中敏感区;在服役交变载荷作用下,这些组织缺陷诱发疲劳裂纹萌生并加速扩展（断口观察可见贝纹线特征）,同时伴随材料疲劳极限下降、韧性降低,最终导致链条断裂。本研究创新采用COMSOL模拟淬火相变过程,直观揭示微观组织演变规律,为优化热处理工艺、提升链条服役可靠性提供新思路。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the microstructural evolution during heat treatment of 20Mn2 steel chains subject to service-induced fracture in a domestic factory, to identify the root causes of chain fracture. The 20Mn2 steel was treated by 800 ℃ medium-frequency induction quenching followed by approximately 200 ℃ low-temperature tempering. Non-metallic inclusions, hardness, microstructure, and fracture morphology of the fractured chains were systematically analyzed. A 20 mm diameter cylindrical sample was cut to examine its 90° sector surface. Initial temperature was set at 800 ℃, and the phase transformation process was simulated using three phase transformation models in COMSOL software. Results showed that the fundamental causes of 20Mn2 steel chain fracture were structural defects such as oxide inclusions, residual martensite, and unrefined ferrite. Oxide inclusions increased surface brittleness (measured hardness: 458.6HV), while residual martensite and unrefined ferrite (10% content) formed stress concentration zones due to their mechanical property differences with the matrix. Under service alternating loads, these defects induced fatigue crack initiation and accelerated propagation (with beadline features observed in fracture surfaces), accompanied by reduced fatigue limits and toughness, ultimately leading to chain fracture. This study innovatively employed COMSOL to simulate quenching phase transformation, providing an intuitive understanding of microstructural evolution and offering new insights for optimizing heat treatment processes and enhancing chain service reliability.

导出引用

冯阔, 王会强, 申洺, 邓皓楠, 崔建英, 程明明. 基于热影响的20Mn2钢链条耦合断裂微观组织模拟[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(6): 209-217 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.019

FENG Kuo, WANG Huiqiang, SHEN Ming, DENG Haonan, CUI Jianying, CHENG Mingming. Microstructural Simulation of Heat-affected 20Mn2 Steel Chain Coupling Fracture[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(6): 209-217 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.019

中图分类号： TG156.3

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