船体双曲率板水火弯板工艺残余应力测试与仿真研究

张保柱; 刘凯; 张庭伟; 乔英杰

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.018

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6) : 201-208. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.018

钢铁成形

船体双曲率板水火弯板工艺残余应力测试与仿真研究

张保柱¹, 刘凯^2,*, 张庭伟², 乔英杰¹

作者信息 +

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Residual Stress in Line-heating Double-curvature Ship Plates

ZHANG Baozhu¹, LIU Kai^2,*, ZHANG Tingwei², QIAO Yingjie¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的探究水火弯板工艺引起的残余应力分布规律,为水火工艺的优化提供基础理论指导。方法以AH36钢板（1 000 mm×800 mm×8 mm）为材料,经辊卷后进行水火弯板工艺热加工,形成双曲率板。分别设置了短加热线、交叉加热线和高热输入交叉加热线3种方案,并结合压痕法和有限元仿真方法,分析了不同方案的残余应力分布及变形。结果实验与仿真结果均表明,不同加热路径残余应力差异显著：短加热线方案横向残余应力最大值达400 MPa（接近材料屈服强度）,引起了冷加工横向圆直径变大;交叉加热线方案的纵向残余应力幅值更大,但“拉-压”幅值较小,纵向翘曲变形较小;高热输入虽使残余应力升高,却因板材较薄,对横向圆变形与翘曲变形的增幅作用有限。结论加热路径是影响残余应力分布的关键因素,交叉加热线方案可有效降低横向圆的变形,短加热线方案则易导致局部应力集中;增加热输入会导致残余应力增大,但不一定可以改变整体变形,应控制在合理范围内。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the distribution patterns of residual stress induced by the line-heating bending process, providing fundamental theoretical guidance for process optimization. AH36 steel plates (1 000 mm × 800 mm × 8 mm) were used as the material and subjected to rolling followed by the line-heating bending thermal process to form double-curvature plates. Three heating path schemes were implemented, including short-line heating, cross-line heating, and high-heat-input cross-line heating. Residual stress distributions and deformations under different schemes were analyzed by the indentation method combined with finite element simulations. Both experimental and simulation results indicated that heating path significantly affected residual stress distribution. The short-line heating scheme produced the highest transverse residual stress, reaching up to 400 MPa (close to the yield strength), leading to an increase in the transverse diameter after cold forming. The cross-line heating scheme exhibited higher longitudinal residual stress, but with smaller tensile-compressive amplitudes, resulting in reduced longitudinal warping. Although high heat input increased residual stress, the effect on transverse diameter and warping was limited due to the thinness of plate. Heating path is a critical factor affecting residual stress distribution. The cross-line heating scheme can effectively mitigate transverse diameter deformation, whereas the short-line heating scheme is prone to local stress concentration. Increasing heat input raises residual stress but does not necessarily affect overall deformation, and should therefore be controlled within a reasonable range.

导出引用

张保柱, 刘凯, 张庭伟, 乔英杰. 船体双曲率板水火弯板工艺残余应力测试与仿真研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(6): 201-208 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.018

ZHANG Baozhu, LIU Kai, ZHANG Tingwei, QIAO Yingjie. Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Residual Stress in Line-heating Double-curvature Ship Plates[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(6): 201-208 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.018

中图分类号： U671.3

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