目的 为了开发具有优异抗震性能和高温强度的低成本、低钼（Mo）含量厚板耐火钢,设计并熔炼了2种Q355级别的低Mo试验钢（N1：基础成分;N2：添加约0.021% Nb,质量分数）。方法 利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对2种低Mo试验钢（N1和N2）进行表征,分析2种试验钢的显微组织演变规律。通过拉伸试验,对比了2种试验钢在室温和600 ℃时的综合力学性能,获得室温与高温抗拉强度、屈服强度、塑性和屈服强度比值等关键指标。结果 N1钢主要由铁素体（F）+珠光体（P）及少量贝氏体（B）组成,其中铁素体晶粒平均尺寸约为53.7 μm。N2钢中贝氏体含量增多,且铁素体晶粒尺寸显著细化,平均尺寸约为45.5 μm。在室温下,N1钢的屈强比为0.49~0.52;N2钢的屈强比为0.59~0.60。所有试验钢的屈强比均远低于建筑结构钢要求的0.8,具有高的抗震性能。在600 ℃高温下,N1钢的室温与高温屈服强度比值大于0.69,满足耐火钢力学性能的要求。结论 成功开发了N1和N2 2种试验钢,这2种试验钢均表现出优异的抗震性能和良好的耐火性能。特别是N2钢,室温强度显著提高,并在600 ℃高温下屈服强度接近240 MPa,达到了Q355级别耐火钢的标准。
Abstract
The work aims to design and melt two types of low-Mo experimental steels of Q355 grade (N1: base composition; N2: with approximately 0.021% Nb addition) to develop cost-effective, low-molybdenum (Mo) fire-resistant steel plates with excellent seismic performance and high-temperature strength. The microstructural evolution of the two experimental steels was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The comprehensive mechanical properties at room temperature and 600 ℃ were compared through tensile tests, obtaining key indicators including room-temperature and high-temperature tensile strength, yield strength, plasticity, and yield ratio. The results indicated that steel N1 primarily consisted of ferrite (F) + pearlite (P) with a small amount of bainite (B), exhibiting an average ferrite grain size of approximately 53.7 μm. In steel N2, the bainite content increased, and the ferrite grain size was significantly refined to an average of approximately 45.5 μm. At room temperature, the yield ratio of steel N1 was about 0.49-0.52, while that of steel N2 was about 0.59-0.60. The yield ratios of all experimental steels were far below the 0.8 required for building structural steels, indicating high seismic performance. At 600 ℃, the room-temperature to high-temperature yield strength ratio of steel N1 exceeded 0.69, meeting the mechanical property requirements for fire-resistant steel. In conclusion, both N1 and N2 experimental steels are successfully developed, demonstrating excellent seismic performance and good fire resistance. Notably, steel N2 exhibits significantly enhanced room-temperature strength, and its yield strength at 600 ℃ reaches approximately 240 MPa, achieving the standard for Q355 grade fire-resistant steel.
关键词
抗震性能 /
高温强度 /
耐火钢 /
微观组织 /
屈强比
Key words
seismic performance /
high-temperature strength /
fire-resistant steel /
microstructure /
yield ratio
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基金
2024年度辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目（LJ212412931002）
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