目的 研究HRB400FR耐火钢筋在热压缩过程中的流变行为与微观组织演变规律,为其热加工工艺制定提供理论依据。方法 使用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机开展16组热压缩试验,试验温度范围为850~1 050 ℃,应变速率范围为0.01~10 s-1。以试验测得的真应力-真应变曲线为基础,构建了考虑应变耦合效应的改进型Arrhenius本构模型,并依据动态材料模型（DMM）理论绘制了相应的热加工图。采用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）分析微观组织与织构演变。结果 HRB400FR耐火钢筋在热压缩过程中呈现出明显的动态再结晶特征。通过将应变量耦合至Arrhenius模型本构方程,得到了适用于耐火钢筋的修正本构关系。利用该模型计算得到的流变应力预测结果与实验数据之间具有高度一致性,相关系数达到0.991 7,平均相对误差仅为0.99%,展现出较高的预测准确性。热加工图分析显示,材料在温度917~1 027 ℃及应变速率0.01~0.10 s-1条件下,能量耗散效率达到最大值即ηmax=37%,对应稳定加工区,显微组织呈现均匀细小的动态再结晶晶粒;而在高应变速率（10 s-1）条件下,材料易发生流变失稳,显微组织表现为拉长且不均匀的纤维状晶粒。结论 建立的改进型Arrhenius本构模型和热加工图可为HRB400FR耐火钢筋的热加工工艺制定提供有效的理论基础与模型支持。
Abstract
The work aims to study the rheological behavior and microstructure evolution of HRB400FR fire-resistant steel bars during the hot compression process, and to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of their hot processing technology. A Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical simulator was employed to conduct hot compression tests under 16 distinct parameter sets, with deformation temperature ranging from 850 to 1 050 ℃ and strain rates varying between 0.01 and 10 s-1. Utilizing the resulting true stress-true strain data, a strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model was formulated. Furthermore, based on the dynamic materials model (DMM) theory, a processing map was developed. The microstructure and texture evolution were analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results indicated that HRB400FR fire-resistant steel bars exhibited typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX) characteristics during hot compression. By coupling the dependent variable to the Arrhenius model constitutive equation, the modified constitutive relationship applicable to fire-resistant steel bars was obtained. The rheological stress prediction results calculated by this model had a high degree of consistency with the experimental data, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.9917 and an average relative error of 0.99%, showing high accuracy. The hot processing map revealed that the material achieved maximum power dissipation efficiency (ηmax=37%) within the temperature range of 917-1 027 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-0.10 s-1, this zone corresponded to a stable processing region characterized by a homogeneous microstructure comprising fine, dynamically recrystallized grains. In contrast, flow instability tended to occur at high strain rates (10 s-1), resulting in elongated and inhomogeneous fibrous grain structures. The established improved Arrhenius constitutive model and hot processing map provide a theoretical basis and model support for optimizing the hot processing process of HRB400FR fire-resistant steel bars.
关键词
耐火钢筋 /
热变形行为 /
本构方程 /
热加工图 /
动态再结晶
Key words
fire-resistant steel bar /
thermal deformation behavior /
constitutive equation /
hot processing map /
dynamic recrystallization
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基金
山西省基础研究计划（202303021212181,202403021221129）; 山西省重点研发计划（202302050201015）; 内蒙古自治区重点研发及成果转化计划（2025YFHH0092）
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