6201铝合金CMT+P电弧增材制造成形质量与组织性能研究

陈奇; 刘岩; 王泽民; 莫色木呷; 李晓菲; 王梁宇; 陈嘉隆

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.015

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6) : 171-180. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.015

增材制造

6201铝合金CMT+P电弧增材制造成形质量与组织性能研究

陈奇^a, 刘岩^b*, 王泽民^a, 莫色木呷^a, 李晓菲^a, 王梁宇^a, 陈嘉隆^a

作者信息 +

Forming Quality and Microstructure Properties of 6201 Aluminum Alloy Fabricated by CMT+P Arc Additive Manufacturing

CHEN Qi^a, LIU Yan^b*, WANG Zemin^a, MOSE Muga^a, LI Xiaofei^a, WANG Liangyu^a, CHEN Jialong^a

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对6201铝合金在航空航天、汽车制造领域的应用需求,解决其CMT+P电弧增材制造工艺参数优化及显微组织-力学性能关联研究不足的问题,为该合金增材构件生产提供适配工艺参数。方法采用CMT+P技术,通过调控焊接电流与焊接速度,协同低热输入与脉冲熔滴过渡模式,研究其对6201铝合金增材件成形质量、力学性能及显微组织的影响。结果当焊接电流为75~150 A时,单道多层墙体最大堆积宽度、有效堆积宽度、抗拉强度极差分别为3.08 mm、3.33 mm、9.03 MPa;当焊接速度为450~600 mm/min时,最大堆积宽度、有效堆积宽度、抗拉强度极差分别为0.57 mm、0.99 mm、12.45 MPa;单道单层与单道多层墙体最佳工艺参数均为焊接电流100 A、焊接速度500 mm/min,此时单道多层墙体抗拉强度达到最大为166.33 MPa,且为韧性断裂,断口处存在韧窝与少量气孔,其显微组织呈现等轴晶与柱状晶共存特征,晶粒尺寸、形态及分布皆较为均匀。结论焊接电流与焊接速度对CMT+P增材制造6201铝合金成形质量及组织力学性能的影响显著,采用确定的最佳工艺参数可实现增材件成形与性能的协同优化,为6201铝合金增材构件的工程化应用提供工艺支撑。

Abstract

To address the application requirements of 6201 aluminum alloy in aerospace and automotive manufacturing, the work aims to optimize the CMT+P arc additive manufacturing process parameters and investigate the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties, providing tailored process parameters for additive manufacturing components. With CMT+P technology, the effects of welding current and speed on the forming quality, mechanical properties, and microstructure of 6201 aluminum alloy components were investigated through low heat input and pulsed droplet transition modes. Within the welding current range of 75-150 A, the maximum accumulation width, effective accumulation width, and tensile strength range for single-layer multi-wall structures were 3.08 mm, 3.33 mm, and 9.03 MPa, respectively. Within the welding speed range of 450-600 mm/min, the corresponding values were 0.57 mm, 0.99 mm, and 12.45 MPa. The optimal process parameters for both single-pass single-layer and multi-layer wall structures were 100 A welding current and 500 mm/min welding speed. At these parameters, the multi-layer wall structure achieved a maximum tensile strength of 166.33 MPa, with a ductile fracture showing dimples and minor porosity. The microstructure exhibited a coexistence of equiaxed and columnar crystals, with grain size, morphology, and distribution being relatively uniform. The welding current and welding speed significantly affect the forming quality and organizational mechanical properties of CMT+P additive manufacturing 6201 aluminum alloy. The optimal process parameters can achieve synergistic optimization of forming and performance of additive components, providing process support for the engineering application of 6201 aluminum alloy additive components.

导出引用

陈奇, 刘岩, 王泽民, 莫色木呷, 李晓菲, 王梁宇, 陈嘉隆. 6201铝合金CMT+P电弧增材制造成形质量与组织性能研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(6): 171-180 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.015

CHEN Qi, LIU Yan, WANG Zemin, MOSE Muga, LI Xiaofei, WANG Liangyu, CHEN Jialong. Forming Quality and Microstructure Properties of 6201 Aluminum Alloy Fabricated by CMT+P Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(6): 171-180 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.06.015

中图分类号： TG444+.2

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