目的 探究7A52/7A01/7A63铝合金复合板在盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及7A52/7A63层厚比对其耐蚀性能的影响。方法 采用中性盐雾试验、电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线测试,结合SEM、白光干涉共聚焦显微镜、XRD及EDS对复合板表面形貌、腐蚀产物物相及成分进行表征。结果 7A63因高Cu、Zn、Mg含量呈现晶间腐蚀与深腐蚀坑特征,7A52与7A01以均匀腐蚀为主,腐蚀随时间呈“膜层破坏-形成-稳定-破损”的动态演化规律。腐蚀产物分析结果表明,主要成分为Al2O3和Al(OH)3,同时检测到AlCl3的存在。腐蚀动力学曲线拟合显示,腐蚀产物不仅未能抑制腐蚀,还因Cl-穿透和电偶效应呈“腐蚀产物促进腐蚀”特征。在盐雾腐蚀至144 h时,由于Zn-Al复合氧化物的致密化,材料表现出最佳的耐蚀性能,而随着腐蚀时间延长至240 h,膜层破损导致耐蚀性下降。当7A52与7A63层厚比为3∶5时,Zn相协同构建致密膜层,极化电阻Rp更高、腐蚀电流密度更低,耐蚀性优于1∶7体系。结论 复合板的合金成分与层厚比显著影响了腐蚀行为,优化7A52与7A63层厚比可提升膜层致密性,抑制Cl‒侵蚀。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the corrosion behavior of 7A52/7A01/7A63 aluminum alloy composite plates in salt spray environment and study the effect of the 7A52/7A63 layer thickness ratio on the corrosion resistance. Electrochemical methods, including neutral salt spray testing, EIS, and polarization curve measurements, were combined with SEM, white light confocal microscopy, XRD, and EDS to characterize the surface morphology, corrosion product phases, and compositions. 7A63 exhibited intergranular corrosion and deep pitting due to high Cu, Zn, and Mg contents, whereas 7A52 and 7A01 underwent predominantly uniform corrosion. The corrosion resistance exhibited a dynamic evolution characterized by sequential stages of “film damage-formation-stabilization-eventual breakage”. Analysis of corrosion products revealed that the main components were Al2O3 and Al(OH)3, with the presence of AlCl3 also detected. Fitting of corrosion kinetic curves showed that corrosion products not only failed to inhibit corrosion but also exhibited a “corrosion product-promoted corrosion” characteristic due to Cl‒ penetration and galvanic effects. Electrochemical analysis further revealed that the material exhibited optimal corrosion resistance after 144 h of salt spray corrosion, attributed to the densification of Zn-Al composite oxides. However, as corrosion time extended to 240 h, corrosion resistance decreased due to film breakage. When the layer thickness ratio of 7A52 to 7A63 was 3:5, Zn phases synergistically formed a dense protective film. This yielded higher polarization resistance (Rp), lower corrosion current density, and superior corrosion resistance relative to the 1:7 ratio system. The alloy composition and layer thickness ratio of the composite plates significantly affect their corrosion behavior. Optimizing the 7A52/7A63 layer thickness ratio can enhance film compactness and inhibit Cl‒ erosion.
关键词
7A52/7A01/7A63铝合金复合板 /
盐雾环境 /
层厚比 /
腐蚀行为 /
耐蚀性
Key words
7A52/7A01/7A63 aluminum alloy composite plates /
salt spray environment /
layer thickness ratio /
corrosion behavior /
corrosion resistance
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2021YFB3701300）
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