目的 以AZ31B镁合金板为研究对象,研究预制孔直径大小、进给速率、下压量及温度对单点渐进复合翻孔热成形区域成形质量的影响规律。方法 使用有限元仿真软件对厚度为2 mm的AZ31B镁合金板进行数值模拟,得出不同工艺参数对成形区域最小厚度与平均偏差的影响规律。通过多因素响应曲面法分析了不同工艺参数交互作用对制件成形质量的影响,得到最佳工艺参数组合并对其进行试验验证。结果 下压量与制件的最小壁厚成反比关系,与平均偏差成正比关系;成形温度对制件成形质量的影响较为显著,最小壁厚随着成形温度的升高而增加,在250 ℃以上的高温下,平均偏差值明显变小;进给率与最小壁厚成反比,平均偏差值在进给速率较小时变化更加明显;预制孔直径与制件成形区最小壁厚成正比,而与平均偏差成反比。结论 采用仿真模型能较为准确地模拟单点渐进复合翻孔过程,采用优化的工艺参数后,制件的最小厚度为1.66 mm,其平均偏差控制在3%内,成形温度、下压量及预制孔直径对成形质量的影响显著。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effects of prefabricated hole diameter, feed rate, punch displacement, and temperature on the forming quality in the Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) process for composite hole deep-drawing with AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets as research objects. Finite element simulation software was used to numerically simulate the forming process of 2 mm thick AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets, and the effects of different process parameters on the minimum thickness and average deviation in the forming region were analyzed. The multi-factor response surface method was used to analyze the interaction effects of different process parameters on the forming quality of the part, leading to the identification of the optimal process parameters, which were then experimentally validated. Punch displacement was found to be inversely proportional to the minimum wall thickness and directly proportional to the average deviation. Forming temperature had a significant effect on part quality, with the minimum wall thickness increasing as the forming temperature rose, and the average deviation significantly decreasing above 250 ℃. The feed rate was inversely proportional to the minimum wall thickness, and the average deviation showed more significant variation at lower feed rates. The prefabricated hole diameter was directly proportional to the minimum wall thickness of the formed region, while inversely proportional to the average deviation. The simulation model for the Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) process demonstrates high accuracy. Using the optimized process parameters, both the minimum thickness of parts is 1.66 mm, with the average deviation controlled within 3%. The forming temperature, the punch displacement and the prefabricated hole diameter has significant effects on the forming quality.
关键词
AZ31B镁合金 /
单点渐进成形 /
热成形 /
复合工艺 /
板料成形
Key words
AZ31B magnesium alloy /
single point incremental forming /
hot forming /
composite process /
sheet metal forming
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基金
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目（cstc2021jcyj-msxmX1047）
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