目的 针对新型燃料组件中核级Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊接头性能不足的问题,设计并制备Ni-Cr-P-Ta新型镍基钎料,评估其在核级316L不锈钢钎焊中的应用潜力。方法 采用真空感应熔炼气雾化法制备Ni-12Cr-10P-4.4Ta钎料粉体,利用SEM、EDS、DSC等表征其形貌、成分及熔化特性;在不同钎焊温度、时间及间隙下对316L不锈钢进行真空钎焊,分析接头微观组织并测试室温和350 ℃下的拉剪强度。结果 钎料粉体为非晶态,元素分布均匀,固液相线温度为883~958 ℃;重熔后形成Ni基固溶体与(Ni, Cr)3P共晶组织,Ta元素主要分布在Ni基固溶体中。在最佳工艺（1 000 ℃,50 min）下,焊缝中(Ni, Cr, Fe)2P与Ni基固溶体均匀交替分布,室温及350 ℃抗剪强度分别为74.8 MPa和61.9 MPa。小间隙（10~30 μm）有利于提高强度,当间隙≥90 μm时,强度显著下降。结论 新型Ni-Cr-P-Ta钎料具有良好的熔化特性与填隙能力,通过优化工艺可获得性能优良的接头。本研究可为提升核级不锈钢钎焊接头长期服役性能提供材料与工艺基础。
Abstract
The work aims to design and fabricate a novel Ni-Cr-P-Ta brazing filler and evaluate its application potential in brazing nuclear-grade 316L stainless steel, so as to address the insufficient performance of brazed joints using nuclear-grade Ni-Cr-P filler in new fuel assembly. The Ni-12Cr-10P-4.4Ta filler powder was prepared by vacuum induction melting combined with argon gas atomization, and its morphology, composition, and melting characteristics were characterized by SEM, EDS, and DSC. Vacuum brazing of 316L stainless steel was conducted under different brazing temperature, holding times, and joint gap, followed by analysis of the joint microstructure, as well as the shear strength at room temperature and 350 ℃. The results showed that the filler powder exhibited an amorphous structure with uniform elemental distribution, and its solidus and liquidus temperature ranges from 883 ℃ to 958 ℃. After re-melting, the filler formed a eutectic structure consisting of Ni-based solid solution and (Ni, Cr)3P, with Ta mainly distributed in the Ni-based solid solution. Under the optimal brazing condition (1 000 ℃, 50 min), (Ni, Cr, Fe)2P and Ni-based solid solution were uniformly and alternately distributed in the brazed seam, achieving shear strengths of 74.8 MPa at room temperature and 61.9 MPa at 350 ℃. A narrow joint gap (10-30 μm) favored higher strength, whereas the strength decreased significantly when the gap reached 90 μm or above. The newly developed Ni-Cr-P-Ta brazing filler exhibits favorable melting characteristics and gap-filling ability, and sound joints with good mechanical properties can be obtained through process optimization. This study provides a material and process basis for enhancing the long-term service performance of brazed nuclear-grade stainless steel joints.
关键词
钎焊 /
镍基钎料 /
微观组织 /
力学性能 /
核级不锈钢
Key words
brazing /
Ni-based filler /
microstructure /
mechanical properties /
nuclear-graded stainless steel
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