钎涂技术在滑动轴承精密成形中的应用与研究现状

王蒙; 程战; 张雷; 孙华为; 纠永涛; 骆雨昕

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.024

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (10) : 239-254. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.024

先进制造技术与装备

钎涂技术在滑动轴承精密成形中的应用与研究现状

王蒙^1,2,3, 程战^1,3, 张雷^1,3, 孙华为^4,*, 纠永涛⁵, 骆雨昕^1,3

作者信息 +

Application and Research Status of Braze-coating Forming Processes for Sliding Bearings

WANG Meng^1,2,3, CHENG Zhan^1,3, ZHANG Lei^1,3, SUN Huawei^4,*, JIU Yongtao⁵, LUO Yuxin^1,3

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

随着现代工业服役环境向高速、重载等极端工况持续发展,滑动轴承作为动力系统的关键承载部件,其涂层质量与服役性能将直接决定装备的运行可靠性与服役寿命。针对极端工况下的服役需求,实现涂层材料、成形工艺与性能表现的多维度协同调控,已成为高端滑动轴承领域的研究焦点。钎涂成形技术凭借其制备高性能涂层的显著潜力,已成为关键技术发展方向。本文综述了滑动轴承常用的巴氏合金、铜基合金、铝基合金及聚合物4种涂层材料体系的研究进展,梳理了火焰钎涂、感应钎涂、电弧钎涂、激光钎涂4种常见钎涂成形工艺的技术特点及研究现状。从界面结合情况、组织致密度及热输入方式等方面深入探讨了各类钎涂成形工艺的优劣势,并对比了不同钎涂工艺的特征与应用方向。总结了滑动轴承涂层成形过程中的常见问题,包括涂层界面结合强度不足、涂层孔隙率与致密性问题、涂层与润滑系统的兼容性及涂层质量的检测与评价体系缺失等。最后对滑动轴承精密成形未来发展方向进行了展望,期望为滑动轴承涂层材料的选择、钎涂工艺的优化及钎涂技术的应用提供参考。

Abstract

As modern industrial service environments continue to evolve toward extreme conditions such as high speed and heavy load, sliding bearings, as critical load-bearing components in power systems, possess coating quality and service performance that directly determine the operational reliability and service life of equipment. To meet service requirements under extreme working conditions, achieving multi-dimensional synergistic regulation of coating materials, forming processes, and performance characteristics has become a research focus in the field of high-end sliding bearings. Brazing coating technology, with its remarkable potential for fabricating high-performance coatings, has emerged as a key direction for technological development. In this paper, the research progress of four commonly used coating material systems for sliding bearings, namly Babbitt alloys, copper-based alloys, aluminum-based alloys, and polymers, are reviewed. The technical characteristics and research status of four typical brazing coating forming processes, namely flame brazing, induction brazing, arc brazing, and laser brazing, are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of various brazing coating processes are thoroughly discussed in terms of interfacial bonding, microstructural densification, and heat input methods, and the process characteristics and application prospects of different brazing techniques are compared. Common issues encountered during the forming of sliding bearing coatings are summarized, including insufficient interfacial bonding strength, high porosity and inadequate densification of coatings, incompatibility between coatings and lubrication systems, and the lack of reliable inspection and evaluation systems for coating quality. Finally, future development trends in the precision forming of sliding bearing coatings are prospected, aiming to provide references for the selection of coating materials, the optimization of brazing coating processes, and the engineering application of brazing coating technologies.

导出引用

王蒙, 程战, 张雷, 孙华为, 纠永涛, 骆雨昕. 钎涂技术在滑动轴承精密成形中的应用与研究现状[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(10): 239-254 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.024

WANG Meng, CHENG Zhan, ZHANG Lei, SUN Huawei, JIU Yongtao, LUO Yuxin. Application and Research Status of Braze-coating Forming Processes for Sliding Bearings[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(10): 239-254 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.024

中图分类号： TG44

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