目的 探究不同初始组织对Cu-Fe-Zn-P合金综合性能的影响规律,揭示快速凝固工艺在优化合金综合性能中的作用机制,为高性能铜合金的制备工艺制定提供参考。方法 以Cu-Fe-Zn-P合金为研究对象,分别采用真空吸铸工艺和热轧+固溶处理工艺获得2种初始态合金。将2种不同初始状态的样品在相同工艺参数下进行两道次冷变形（第一道次变形量70%,第二道次40%）及后续热处理。利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术分析样品的显微组织演变规律;采用万能试验机和显微维氏硬度计测试样品的室温力学性能;借助数字微欧计测量其电导率。通过对比分析2种工艺路径下合金的组织演化特征与性能变化规律,阐明初始组织状态以及形变和热处理工艺对合金最终性能的影响机理。结果 吸铸态样品经形变和热处理后,抗拉强度、显微硬度和电导率分别达到681.2 MPa、165.8HV和54.4%IACS;热轧+固溶态样品经相同工艺处理后,相应性能分别为665.9 MPa、156.2HV和56.2%IACS。显微组织分析结果表明,吸铸态样品经后续处理后,基体内形成了更为细小且弥散分布的析出相,达到析出强化效果;而热轧+固溶态样品经后续处理后,析出相相对粗大,分布均匀性相对较差。2种工艺获得的合金电导率相近,但吸铸工艺制备的样品强度与硬度更高。结论 与热轧+固溶工艺相比,真空吸铸工艺可提升Cu-Fe-Zn-P合金的综合性能。吸铸工艺的快速凝固效应提高了合金元素在Cu基体中的固溶度,为后续变形和时效过程中析出高密度、细小的弥散强化相创造了有利条件,从而在保持较高电导率的同时获得了较高的强度与硬度,该工艺为制备高性能铜合金提供了重要的工艺参考。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effect of different initial microstructures on the comprehensive properties of the Cu-Fe-Zn-P alloy, and to reveal the mechanism by which rapid solidification optimizes the overall performance, thereby providing a reference for the process development of high-performance copper alloys. With the Cu-Fe-Zn-P alloy as the research object, the as-cast alloys in two initial states were prepared by vacuum suction casting (VSC) and solution treatment (ST). Both alloys with different initial microstructures were subject to identical two-pass cold deformation (70% reduction in the first pass and 40% in the second pass) and subsequent heat treatment. Microstructural evolution was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Mechanical properties at room temperature were evaluated with a universal testing machine and a micro Vickers hardness tester. Electrical conductivity was measured with a digital micro-ohmmeter. By comparing the microstructural evolution and property variations between the two processing routes, the effect mechanisms of initial microstructure, as well as deformation and heat treatment processes, on the final properties were elucidated. After deformation and heat treatment, the alloy with an initial VSC state exhibited a tensile strength of 681.2 MPa, a microhardness of 165.8HV, and an electrical conductivity of 54.4%IACS. In comparison, the alloy initially processed by HR+ST showed corresponding values of 665.9 MPa, 156.2HV, and 56.2%IACS after identical subsequent treatments. Microstructural analysis revealed that the VSC-processed sample developed a higher density of finer and more uniformly dispersed precipitates within the matrix after subsequent treatments, leading to a more pronounced precipitation strengthening effect. Conversely, the precipitates in the HR+ST processed sample after subsequent treatments were relatively coarser and less uniformly distributed. Although both processing routes yielded similar electrical conductivity, the alloy prepared by suction casting demonstrated superior strength and hardness. Compared with the hot rolling and solution treatment route, the vacuum suction casting process effectively enhances the comprehensive properties of the Cu-Fe-Zn-P alloy. The rapid solidification inherent in suction casting substantially improves the solid solubility of alloying elements in the copper matrix, which creates favorable conditions for the precipitation of a high density of fine and dispersed strengthening phases during subsequent deformation and aging. This enables the alloy to achieve superior strength and hardness while maintaining relatively high electrical conductivity. This processing route offers a valuable reference for the preparation of high-performance copper alloys.
关键词
Cu-Fe-Zn-P合金 /
力学性能 /
电导率 /
微观组织演变 /
电子背散射衍射（EBSD）分析
Key words
Cu-Fe-Zn-P alloy /
mechanical properties /
electrical conductivity /
microstructure evolution /
electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD)
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基金
山西省重点研发计划（202502050202040）
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