目的 研究Zn-Al焊丝中的铝含量对硬铝2A12/12Cr13不锈钢钎焊接头质量的影响,实现硬铝与不锈钢的可靠连接。方法 采用箱式电阻炉进行焊丝铺展试验。采用炉中钎焊方法,对硬铝2A12与12Cr13不锈钢试板进行搭接焊。采用拉伸试验机、显微硬度维氏硬度计分析钎焊接头强度及显微硬度。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜进行钎焊接头显微组织分析及断口分析。结果 当焊丝中铝含量（质量分数,下同）在5%~20%范围内时,其在硬铝2A12、12Cr13不锈钢上的铺展面积均随铝含量的提高而增大。当铝含量增至20%时,铺展面积均达到最大值。当铝含量超过20%后,铺展面积均随铝含量的提高而减小。钎焊接头强度随焊丝中铝含量的提高呈现先增后减的趋势。78Zn-22Al焊丝钎焊接头强度最高,为117.43 MPa,其钢母材界面处铁铝金属间化合物层较薄,引起应力集中的倾向较低,断口中存在撕裂形貌。结论 通过调整Zn-Al焊丝中的铝含量可以显著提高硬铝2A12/12Cr13不锈钢钎焊接头质量。78Zn-22Al焊丝钎焊接头强度最高,且铺展性能良好,但由于其熔点接近硬铝2A12母材熔点,需严格控制钎焊过程中的加热温度与加热时间,在保证焊丝熔化而母材不熔化的情况下,78Zn-22Al焊丝可以获得最佳钎焊效果。
Abstract
The work aims to study the effect of Al element content on the property of 2A12 Al-alloy/12Cr13 stainless steel joint brazed by the Zn-Al welding wire, and realize the reliable connection of 2A12 Al-alloy and 12Cr13 stainless steel. Spread test was carried out by a box-type resistance furnace. 2A12 Al-alloy/12Cr13 stainless steel lap joints were brazed by furnace brazing. The joint strength and microhardness were analyzed by a tensile testing machine and a microhardness vickers hardness tester. The joint microstructure and fracture analysis were carried out by the metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The spreading area of Zn-Al welding wire on both 2A12 Al-alloy and 12Cr13 stainless steel substrates increased with the increase of Al element content in the welding wire when Al element content was in the range of 5% to 20% (mass fraction), and the maximum value occurred when the Al element content was 20% (mass fraction). When the content of Al element continued to increase, the spreading area decreased on both 2A12 Al-alloy and 12Cr13 stainless steel substrates. The brazed joint strength increased first and then decreased with the increase of Al element content in the welding wire. The joint brazed by 78Zn-22Al welding wire had the highest strength, which was 117.43 MPa. Meanwhile, the Fe-Al intermetallic compound layer was the thinner at the 12Cr13 side interface. It was less prone to cause stress concentration. Tearing morphology was observed in fractography. Therefore, the property of 2A12 Al-alloy and 12Cr13 stainless steel joint can be significantly enhanced by adjusting Al element content in the Zn-Al welding wire. The joint brazed by 78Zn-22Al welding wire has the highest strength and its spreadability is excellent. However, since its melting point is close to that of 2A12 Al-alloy base metal, the heating temperature and heating time during the brazing process must be strictly controlled. Under the condition that the welding wire melts while the base metal remains unmelted, the78Zn-22Al welding wire can achieve optimal brazing results.
关键词
Zn-Al焊丝 /
硬铝/不锈钢钎焊 /
铺展性能 /
力学性能 /
显微组织
Key words
Zn-Al welding wire /
2A12 Al-alloy/12Cr13 stainless steel brazing /
spreadability /
mechanical property /
microstructure
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