目的 揭示Fe65覆层对热冲压模具表面的强化与减磨机制,提高模具高温摩擦学性能与服役寿命。方法 采用等离子粉末堆焊技术在H13钢表面制备Fe65覆层,测试覆层组织与硬度,并通过高温摩擦磨损试验对比H13基体、Fe65覆层与高强钢的摩擦磨损行为及磨损机制。结果 制备的Fe65覆层与H13基体形成了良好的冶金结合,覆层微观组织均匀致密,其中的C、B金属间化合物发挥了显著的强化作用,硬度可达基体的2.6倍;H13基体摩擦系数波动剧烈,不同温度下平均摩擦系数均超过0.4,而Fe65覆层摩擦系数更为稳定,在500 ℃高温工况下平均摩擦系数仅为0.389;在相同试验工况下,H13基体的磨损量远高于Fe65覆层,且H13与高强钢接触面以氧化磨损、黏着磨损、磨料磨损及疲劳磨损为主;Fe65覆层高强钢接触面则主要表现为氧化磨损和轻微磨料磨损,覆层可有效抑制微切削作用及氧化结块的产生。结论 在H13热冲压模具表面堆焊Fe65覆层,可显著提高表面硬度、稳定摩擦系数、降低磨损量,是提升模具力学性能与使用寿命的有效改性方法。
Abstract
The work aims to clarify the strengthening and anti-wear mechanisms of the Fe65 coating on hot-stamping dies and to improve the high-temperature tribological performance and service life of the dies. The Fe65 coating was fabricated on H13 steel substrate via plasma powder surfacing. The microstructure and hardness of the coating were characterized, and high-temperature friction-wear tests were conducted to compare the tribological behaviors and wear mechanisms of the H13 substrate, the Fe65 coating and the high-strength steel. The as-prepared Fe65 coating formed a sound metallurgical bond with the H13 substrate, with uniform and dense microstructure. Carbon-boron hard phases in the coating exerted a remarkable strengthening effect, and the coating hardness was 2.6 times that of the substrate. The friction coefficient of the H13 substrate fluctuated drastically, with an average value above 0.4 at various temperatures, while the Fe65 coating presented a stable friction coefficient of merely 0.389 at 500 ℃. Under identical test conditions, the wear loss of the H13 substrate was far higher than that of the Fe65 coating. The worn surface of the H13 substrate against high-strength steel was dominated by oxidative, adhesive, abrasive and fatigue wear. In contrast, the worn surface of the Fe65 coating against high-strength steel was characterized by oxidative wear and slight abrasive wear only, as the coating effectively suppressed micro-cutting and oxide agglomeration. In conclusion, surfacing the Fe65 coating on H13 hot-stamping dies can significantly improve surface hardness and stabilize friction coefficient and reduce wear loss, which is an effective surface modification method to enhance the die performance and service life.
关键词
高强钢 /
热冲压 /
铁基堆焊覆层 /
高温摩擦磨损 /
材料转移 /
表面强化
Key words
high-strength steel /
hot stamping /
plasma powder surfacing cladding layer /
high-temperature friction and wear /
material transfer /
surface strengthening
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