WAAM制备SS304/Cu/Al层状梯度复合材料界面行为及力学性能研究

黄强; 刘清伟; 郑旭东; 卢树平; 粟磊; 梁碧强; 周可秋

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.006

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (10) : 56-64. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.006

复合材料成形

WAAM制备SS304/Cu/Al层状梯度复合材料界面行为及力学性能研究

黄强^1,*, 刘清伟¹, 郑旭东¹, 卢树平¹, 粟磊¹, 梁碧强¹, 周可秋²

作者信息 +

Fabrication of SS304/Cu/Al Layered Gradient Composites by WAAM: Interfacial Behavior and Mechanical Properties

HUANG Qiang^1,*, LIU Qingwei¹, ZHENG Xudong¹, LU Shuping¹, SU Lei¹, LIANG Biqiang¹, ZHOU Keqiu²

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摘要

目的利用WAAM工艺成形SS304/Cu/Al层状复合材料,研究其微观组织性能与宏观力学性能,为铝不锈钢材料的制备提供新思路。方法制备Cu基层作为过渡连接层,结合WAAM工艺的高热输入及灵活成形优势,有效调控界面产物同时促进界面良好连接。使用SEM、EDS、XRD和拉伸等试验方法,对层状复合材料的宏观力学性能与微观形貌进行分析。结果界面微观组织及物相分析结果表明,Cu基层作为过渡层有效抑制了界面脆性相的生成,材料间呈现明显的波状界面形貌。SS304-Cu基层界面与Al-Cu基层界面的元素扩散层厚度分别为2 μm与53 μm。弯曲、拉伸测试及断口形貌显示：应力-应变曲线呈现出明显的阶梯式下降特征。结论优化的热输入参数导致了异质材料之间良好的动力学特征,促进了界面的连接。多级失效模式与优异的裂纹扩展阻力使层状复合材料表现出卓越的结构安全性与损伤容限能力。

Abstract

The work aims to fabricate SS304/Cu/Al layered composites through the WAAM process to investigate their microstructure and macroscopic mechanical properties, and provide a new approach for the preparation of aluminum-stainless steel materials. A Cu substrate was prepared as a transitional bonding layer. Combining the high heat input and flexible forming advantages of the WAAM process, interfacial products were effectively controlled while promoting good interfacial bonding. SEM, EDS, XRD, and tensile testing were used to analyze the macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructure of the layered composites. Interfacial microstructure and phase analysis showed that the Cu substrate, as a transitional layer, effectively suppressed the formation of brittle phases at the interface, resulting in a distinct wavy interfacial morphology. The elemental diffusion layer thicknesses at the SS304-Cu substrate interface and the Al-Cu substrate interface were 2 μm and 53 μm, respectively. Bending, tensile tests, and fracture morphology revealed a clear stepwise decrease in stress-strain curves. Optimized heat input parameters lead to favorable kinetic characteristics between the heterogeneous materials, promoting interfacial bonding. Multi-level failure modes and excellent crack propagation resistance enable the layered composites to exhibit superior structural safety and damage tolerance.

导出引用

黄强, 刘清伟, 郑旭东, 卢树平, 粟磊, 梁碧强, 周可秋. WAAM制备SS304/Cu/Al层状梯度复合材料界面行为及力学性能研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(10): 56-64 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.006

HUANG Qiang, LIU Qingwei, ZHENG Xudong, LU Shuping, SU Lei, LIANG Biqiang, ZHOU Keqiu. Fabrication of SS304/Cu/Al Layered Gradient Composites by WAAM: Interfacial Behavior and Mechanical Properties[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(10): 56-64 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.10.006

中图分类号： TG442

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