目的 探究使用不同取向涤纶（PET）/聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）混编纤维代替聚四氟乙烯纤维和不同浓度碳纳米管（CNTs）改性处理纤维后对复合材料层间结合性能的影响规律,探究两者对材料层间性能的影响机理。方法 通过180°剥离拉伸测试、剪切梁实验和双悬臂梁测试对比了聚四氟乙烯纤维、不同取向涤纶/聚四氟乙烯混编纤维和不同浓度CNTs处理后混编纤维增强环氧树脂的180°层间剥离强度、层间剪切强度和I型层间断裂韧性,系统分析双层复合轴瓦材料的层间性能变化规律。采用超景深显微镜和扫描电子显微镜揭示了碳纳米管对材料层间性能的影响机制。结果 当使用不同取向涤纶/聚四氟乙烯混编纤维代替聚四氟乙烯纤维后,复合材料的层间性能都有较大提升,尤其是当混编纤维中涤纶纤维取向与剪切方向垂直时,复合材料的180°剥离强度、层间剪切强度和I型层间断裂韧性分别提升了170%、20.63%和104.15%,提升显著,这主要是由于涤纶纤维与树脂之间的结合性能优于聚四氟乙烯纤维。当使用不同浓度的CNTs处理混编纤维时,随着CNTs质量分数由0%提升至1%,材料的180°剥离强度、层间剪切强度和I型层间断裂韧性都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在CNTs质量分数为0.5%时3组性能都达到了最大值,这主要是由于CNTs的桥联效应有效地提升了材料的层间性能,而当CNTs浓度过大时,CNTs发生了聚集,导致这种效应减弱,层间性能提升效果降低。结论 使用涤纶/聚四氟乙烯混编纤维代替聚四氟乙烯纤维和CNTs改性处理纤维都有效地提升了材料的层间结合性能,两者协同作用能够有效地提升材料层间结合性能,降低轴瓦材料在极端条件下脱层的风险,为环氧树脂的复合轴瓦材料的设计提供指导。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effect of replacing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers with polyester (PET)/PTFE blended fibers of different orientations and carbon nanotube (CNTs) modification at various concentrations on the interlaminar properties of composite materials, thus exploring the underlying mechanisms. Through 180° peel tensile testing, shear beam experiments, and double cantilever beam tests, the 180° interlaminar peel strength, interlaminar shear strength, and Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of PTFE fibers, PET/PTFE blended fibers with different orientations, and the blended fibers reinforced epoxy resin treated with different CNTs concentrations were compared. The effect patterns on interlaminar properties of double-layer composite bearing materials were systematically analyzed. Ultra-depth-of-field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to reveal the mechanisms by which CNTs affected the interlaminar properties. When PET/PTFE blended fibers with different orientations were used to replace PTFE fibers, the interlaminar properties of the composite materials were significantly improved. Particularly, when the polyester fiber orientation in the blended fibers was perpendicular to the shear direction, the 180° peel strength, interlaminar shear strength, and Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of the composite material increased by 170%, 20.63%, and 104.15%, respectively. This substantial enhancement was primarily attributed to the superior bonding properties between polyester fibers and the resin compared to PTFE fibers. When blended fibers were treated with different concentrations of CNTs, as the CNTs concentration increased from 0 to 1%, the 180° peel strength, interlaminar shear strength, and Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness all exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease, reaching maximum values at a CNTs concentration of 0.5%. This was mainly due to the bridging effect of CNTs, which effectively enhanced the interlaminar properties. However, when the CNTs concentration was excessive, agglomeration occurred, leading to a weakening of this effect and a reduction in interlaminar property enhancement. The use of PET/PTFE blended fibers to replace PTFE fibers and the CNTs modification of fibers both effectively improve the interlaminar bonding properties of the material. The synergistic effect of both approaches can effectively enhance the interlaminar bonding properties, reduce the delamination risk of bearing materials under extreme conditions, and provide guidance for the design of epoxy resin-based composite bearing bushing materials.
关键词
环氧复合轴瓦材料 /
涤纶/聚四氟乙烯混编纤维 /
CNTs /
剥离强度 /
层间剪切强度 /
I型层间断裂韧性
Key words
epoxy resin-based composite bearing bushing materials /
polyester/polytetrafluoroethylene blended fibers /
CNTs /
peel strength /
interlaminar shear strength /
Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness
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基金
湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项（2024CSA074）
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