目的 针对柔性电子、可穿戴技术及个体热管理系统对高导热、电绝缘及优异力学性能纤维材料的需求,提出一种基于溶胶-凝胶湿法纺丝技术制备氮化硼/芳纶复合导热长丝的方法,旨在构建高效的三维导热网络。方法 以芳纶纳米纤维（ANF）为基体,采用水热插层与球磨法制备氮化硼纳米片（BNNS）,并利用支链聚乙烯亚胺（BPEI）进行接枝改性以强化其分散性与界面相容性。引入石墨烯纳米片（GN）作为桥接填料,增强导热填料间的相互作用,优化纤维力学和热学性能。通过溶胶-凝胶湿法纺丝、Cu2+离子交联及湿拉伸处理,在纤维内部构建连续的三维导热网络。结果 优化工艺后的复合纤维性能优异。当BNNS负载量（质量分数）为30%、GN含量（质量分数）为0.2%时,复合纤维的轴向抗拉强度达到105.9 MPa,轴向导热系数提升至9.2 W/(m·K),且体积电阻率高达1×1013 Ω·cm。LED散热测试结果显示,该复合纤维织物展现出显著的散热效果,光源表面温度由普通棉织物的47.0 ℃降至44.8 ℃。结论 提出的制备策略为兼具高效导热与优良电绝缘性能的复合纤维的制备提供了一种可行路径,所制备的复合纤维在柔性电子散热、个人热管理及智能纺织品等领域具有广阔的应用前景,为高性能功能纤维的成形加工与结构设计提供了新思路。
Abstract
The work aims to propose a sol-gel wet spinning technique to fabricate boron nitride/aramid (BNNS/ANF) composite thermally conductive filaments with a structured three-dimensional (3D) heat-transfer network, so as to address the growing demand for fiber materials with high thermal conductivity, robust electrical insulation, and excellent mechanical properties in flexible electronics, wearable technology, and personal thermal management systems. Aramid nanofibers (ANF) were employed as the matrix, while boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) were synthesized via hydrothermal intercalation and ball milling. The BNNSs were further grafted and modified with branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) to enhance their dispersibility and interfacial compatibility. Graphene nanosheets (GN) were introduced as bridging fillers to enhance the interfacial interactions among thermally conductive components, thereby improving the mechanical and thermal properties of the fibers. A continuous three-dimensional thermal conduction network was constructed within the fibers via sol-gel wet spinning, Cu²+ ionic crosslinking, and subsequent wet drawing treatment. The experimental results demonstrated that the composite fibers, produced under optimized processing conditions, exhibited superior performance. At a BNNS loading of 30wt% and a GN content of 0.2wt%, the composite fibers achieved an axial tensile strength of 105.9 MPa, an axial thermal conductivity of 9.2 W/(m·K), and a volumetric resistivity of 1×1013 Ω·cm. Cooling performance tests using an LED chip as the heat source revealed that the composite fiber fabric effectively reduced the LED surface temperature from 47.0 ℃ (when using cotton fabric) to 44.8 ℃, highlighting its significant potential for thermal management. In conclusion, the sol-gel wet spinning strategy developed in this study provides a viable pathway for the fabrication of composite fibers that balance high thermal conductivity with excellent electrical insulation. These fibers hold broad application prospects in fields such as heat dissipation for flexible electronics, personal thermal management, and smart textiles, providing insights into the structural design and processing of high-performance functional fibers.
关键词
溶胶-凝胶湿法纺丝 /
氮化硼纳米片 /
芳纶纳米纤维 /
复合纤维 /
三维导热网络
Key words
sol-gel wet spinning /
boron nitride nanosheets /
aramid nanofibers /
composite fibers /
three-dimensional thermally conductive network
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] LI J, ZHOU Y, JIANG C, et al.Recent Advances in Passive Cooling Materials for Thermal Management in Flexible Electronics[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2024, 12(32): 12179-12206.
[2] HUANG D, LIU Z, HARRIS J, et al.High Thermal Conductive AlN Substrate for Heat Dissipation in High-Power LEDs[J]. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(1): 1412-1415.
[3] TANG C Q, YU Z J, LIU Z X, et al.Research Status and Development Trends of Thermal Management Technologies for Motors[J]. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 48(4): 2025-2057.
[4] DING Q F, SUN X L, ZHU Z, et al.Long-Lasting Heat Dissipation of Flexible Heat Sinks for Wearable Thermoelectric Devices[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2024, 16(24): 31228-31236.
[5] 曾少宁, 胡佳雨, 张曼妮, 等. 面向个人热管理的降温纺织品[J]. 科学通报, 2022, 67(11): 1167-1179.
ZENG S N, HU J Y, ZHANG M N, et al.Cooling Textiles for Personal Thermal Management[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(11): 1167-1179.
[6] BAGATELLA S, CERETI A, MANARINI F, et al.Thermally Conductive and Electrically Insulating Polymer- Based Composites Heat Sinks Fabricated by Fusion Deposition Modeling[J]. Polymers, 2024, 16(3): 432.
[7] 梁春祖, 罗锦涛, 刘强, 等. 碳纤维/环氧复合材料大开口支架结构固化变形仿真模拟[J]. 精密成形工程, 2025, 17(9): 212-221.
LIANG C Z, LUO J T, LIU Q, et al.Finite-Element Investigation into Curing-Induced Deformations of Carbon/Epoxy Composite Large-Opening Support Structures[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2025, 17(9): 212-221.
[8] ZHAO Y, LI X, SHEN J N, et al.The Potential of Kevlar Aramid Nanofiber Composite Membranes[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020, 8(16): 7548-7568.
[9] YANG B, ZHANG M Y, LU Z Q, et al.Comparative Study of Aramid Nanofiber (ANF) and Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF)[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 208: 372-381.
[10] 李佩悦, 马立云, 谢恩俊, 等. 六方氮化硼高导热纳米材料:晶体结构、导热机理及表面修饰改性[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(6): 44-55.
LI P Y, MA L Y, XIE E J, et al.Crystal Structure, Thermal Conductivity Mechanism and Surface Modification of High Thermal Conductivity Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomaterials[J]. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(6): 44-55.
[11] BHATTACHARJEE A, JIANG H B, LI L H, et al.Thermal Transport Property of Boron Nitride Nanosheets[J]. Applied Physics Reviews, 2024, 11(4): 041322.
[12] ZENG X L, YE L, YU S H, et al.Artificial Nacre-Like Papers Based on Noncovalent Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets with Excellent Mechanical and Thermally Conductive Properties[J]. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(15): 6774-6781.
[13] YANG B, WANG L, ZHANG M Y, et al.Fabrication, Applications, and Prospects of Aramid Nanofiber[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(22): 2000186.
[14] ZHANG B, WANG W C, TIAN M, et al.Preparation of Aramid Nanofiber and Its Application in Polymer Reinforcement: A Review[J]. European Polymer Journal, 2020, 139: 109996.
[15] MARTÍNEZ-JIMÉNEZ C, CHOW A, SMITH MCWILLIAMS A D, et al. Hexagonal Boron Nitride Exfoliation and Dispersion[J]. Nanoscale, 2023, 15(42): 16836-16873.
[16] GE X, CHEN R, et al.Coating Boron Nitride Nanosheets with a Perfluoropolyether to Improve Thermal Conductivity[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2025, 8(12): 5992-6003.
[17] LI H L, XIAO S N, YU H L, et al.A Review of Graphene-Based Films for Heat Dissipation[J]. New Carbon Materials, 2021, 36(5): 897-908.
[18] GONG P, LI L H, FU G E, et al.Highly Flexible Cellulose Nanofiber/Single-Crystal Nanodiamond Flake Heat Spreader Films for Heat Dissipation[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2022, 10(33): 12070-12079.
[19] 张凯, 桂泰江, 吴连锋, 等. 导热绝缘聚合物复合材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(S1): 571-575.
ZHANG K, GUI T J, WU L F, et al.Research Progress of Thermal Conductive and Electrical Insulating Polymer Composites[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(S1): 571-575.
[20] KANG Z X, HONG Y, JIANG S K, et al.Composite Filament with Super High Effective Thermal Conductivity[J]. Materials Today Physics, 2023, 34: 101067.
[21] HU X J, LI J G, BAI Y X.Fabrication of High Strength Graphene/Regenerated Silk Fibroin Composite Fibers by Wet Spinning[J]. Materials Letters, 2017, 194: 224-226.
[22] SONG M Y, MA C G, LI X L, et al.Highly Thermally Conductive and Insulating PET Nonwoven Fabric/PDMS Sandwich Composite Film by Synergism of Boron Nitride Nanosheets and Alumina Particles[J]. Polymer Composites, 2023, 44(9): 6136-6148.
[23] ZHANG D L, ZHA J W, LI W K, et al.Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Property through Boron Nitride Hot String in Polyvinylidene Fluoride Fibers by Electrospinning[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2018, 156: 1-7.
[24] LIAO W H, LI J P, et al.Low-Filler, High-Thermal-Conductivity Aramid Insulating Paper: Constructing Effective Thermal Conduction Networks via Boron Nitride/Aramid Composite Fibers[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2025, 17(45): 62557-62568.
[25] LI B L, ZHU C Y, XU H T, et al.The Microstructure and Thermal Conductive Behavior of Three-Dimensional Carbon/Carbon Composites with Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity[J]. Materials, 2024, 17(5): 983.
[26] FENG W, QIN M M, FENG Y Y.Toward Highly Thermally Conductive All-Carbon Composites: Structure Control[J]. Carbon, 2016, 109: 575-597.
[27] HAN W H, WANG Q Y, KANG Y Y, et al.Electrospun Polymer Nanocomposites for Thermal Management: A Review[J]. Nanoscale, 2023, 15(5): 2003-2017.
基金
国家重点研发计划（2022YFB4700601,2022YFB4700602,2022YFB4700603）
PDF(9455 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501719号 渝ICP备15012534号-4
