目的 研究退火工艺对轧制复合镁/铝复合板微观组织与弯曲成形性的影响,揭示退火改善镁/铝复合板弯曲成形性的内在机制。方法 利用SEM、EDS及EBSD技术表征镁/铝复合板界面微观组织演变及形貌特征;通过弯曲实验来测试镁/铝复合板的弯曲成形性。结果 适度的退火处理能够显著提升复合板的弯曲成形性,最大弯曲应力降低8.7%~15%,并有效减少弯曲成形能耗;弯曲角度最大增幅可达41.4%,显著提高成形极限。退火对镁/铝复合板塑性的改善源于其激活了板材内部的软化机制,镁层的静态再结晶（SRX）与铝层的回复行为协同作用共同调控板材内部内应力的释放,进而改善各层材料的塑性。研究还发现,300 ℃+ 120 min的过度退火会导致脆性金属间化合物层的过度增厚,使其成为裂纹萌生的敏感区,进而引发界面的过早开裂失效,使其弯曲断裂位移降低。结论 相较于轧态镁/铝复合板,经过不同工艺参数退火处理后,镁/铝复合板的弯曲成形性均有所改善,300 ℃+60 min的退火工艺参数可使镁/铝复合板获取最佳弯曲成形性。而过度的退火处理则会致使镁/铝复合板界面脆性发生,降低其弯曲成形性。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effect of annealing process on the microstructure and bending formability of rolled Mg/Al composite plates, and to reveal the intrinsic mechanism by which annealing improves the bending formability of Mg/Al composite plates. The evolution and morphological characteristics of the interfacial microstructure of Mg/Al composite plates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); the bending formability of Mg/Al composite plates was tested through bending experiments. The experimental results showed that moderate annealing treatment could significantly enhance the bending formability of the composite plates, which was manifested in an 8.7%-15% reduction in the maximum bending stress, effectively decreasing the energy consumption of bending forming, and the maximum increase in bending angle could reach 41.4%, which remarkably elevated the forming limit. The improvement of the plasticity of Mg/Al composite plates by annealing was attributed to the activation of the softening mechanism inside the plates: the static recrystallization (SRX) of the magnesium layer and the recovery behavior of the aluminum layer acted synergistically to jointly regulate the release of internal stress inside the plates, thereby improving the plasticity of each layer of material. It was also found that excessive annealing at 300 ℃ for 120 min led to excessive thickening of the brittle intermetallic compound layer, which made it a sensitive zone for crack initiation and further induced premature cracking failure at the interface, resulting in a decrease in bending fracture displacement. Compared with the as-rolled Mg/Al composite plates, the bending formability of Mg/Al composite plates is improved after annealing with different process parameters, and the annealing process of 300 ℃ for 60 min enables the Mg/Al composite plates to obtain the optimal bending formability. However, excessive annealing treatment will induce interfacial brittleness of Mg/Al composite plates and reduce their bending formability.
关键词
镁/铝复合板 /
退火 /
微观组织 /
弯曲成形性 /
金属间化合物
Key words
Mg/Al composite plates /
annealing /
microstructure /
bending formability /
intermetallic compounds
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52275362,52575428）; 山西省基础研究计划优秀青年培育项目（202203021224003）; 山西省高等学校科技创新计划项目（2025Q005）
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