目的 探索异速比和温度对Mg/Al层状复合板成形过程的影响机制,并结合Abaqus有限元数值模拟,阐述其在变形过程中应力、应变及裂纹扩展的演变行为,为Mg/Al层状复合板的塑性成形提供依据。方法 对采用不同异速比制备的试样进行EBSD微观组织表征,结合室温下的Mg/Al层状复合板杯突试验,研究不同异速比Mg/Al层状复合板微观组织与成形性能的演变规律。通过分析不同成形温度下的杯突成形试验冲压过程中载荷-行程曲线的变化特征,揭示温度对承受载荷、杯突值（IE）的作用机制。然后结合Abaqus有限元数值模拟,获取杯突试样变形过程中的等效应力分布、等效塑性应变演化及裂纹扩展规律,精准解析其断裂行为的本质。结果 在异速比为0.65条件下,Mg/Al复合板所承受的剪切变形最大。在强剪切力作用下,镁合金晶粒的再结晶程度得到提高,此时Mg、Al基体的晶粒细化程度最高,细晶强化效果增强。当异速比为0.65时,室温下Mg/Al层状复合板可承受的极限载荷为9 949.03 N、杯突值为3.93 mm,此时的成形性能最好。这表明异速比是通过改变搓轧力影响微观组织,从而改善Mg/Al层状复合板的成形性能。在非室温条件下,当杯突成形温度为200 ℃时,Mg/Al复合板拥有较大的杯突值（IE=6.84 mm）,以及能够承受最大的极限载荷（12 840.43 N）。结论 从宏观成形性能、微观组织及数值仿真模拟3个方面综合探究了异速比、成形温度对Mg/Al复合板杯突成形行为的影响机制,最终结果表明,异速比0.65、成形温度200 ℃为Mg/Al复合板杯突成形最佳工艺组合。该研究方法也可以有效地指导Mg/Al层状复合板成形工艺的优化设计。
Abstract
The work aims to explore the effect mechanism of strain rate and temperature on the forming process of Mg/Al laminated composite plates, and combine with Abaqus finite element numerical simulation to elaborate on the evolution behavior of stress, strain, and crack propagation during deformation, providing a basis for the plastic forming of Mg/Al laminated composite plates. The EBSD microstructure characterization of the samples prepared with different allometric ratios was carried out. Combined with the cupping test of Mg/Al laminated composite plates at room temperature, the evolution of microstructure and forming properties of Mg/Al laminated composite plates with different allometric ratios was studied. By analyzing the characteristics of load-stroke curve changes during the stamping process of cupping tests at different forming temperatures, the mechanism by which temperature affected load bearing capacity and indentation endurance (IE) was revealed. Then, by combining with the Abaqus finite element numerical simulation, the distribution of equivalent stress, the evolution of equivalent plastic strain, and the crack propagation pattern during the deformation process of the cupping test sample were obtained, enabling a precise analysis of the essence of its deformation and fracture behavior. When the allometric ratio was 0.65, the Mg/Al composite plate experienced the maximum shear deformation. Under strong shear forces, the degree of recrystallization of magnesium alloy grains was enhanced, leading to the highest level of grain refinement in the Mg and Al matrices, thereby improving the effect of grain refinement strengthening. When the allometric ratio was 0.65, the Mg/Al laminated composite plate could withstand a maximum load of 9 949.45 N and a cupping value of 3.93 mm at room temperature, indicating the best formability under this condition. This indicated that the allometric ratio improved the formability of Mg/Al laminated composite plates by altering the rolling force and thereby affecting the microstructure. Under non-room temperature conditions, when the cupping temperature was 200 ℃, the Mg/Al composite plate exhibited a significant cupping value (IE=6.84 mm) and could withstand the maximum ultimate load (12 840.43 N). The effect mechanism of the allometric ratio and forming temperature on the cupping forming behavior of Mg/Al composite plates is comprehensively investigated from three aspects: macroscopic forming performance, microstructure, and numerical simulation. The final results indicate that an allometric ratio of 0.65 and a forming temperature of 200 ℃ constitute the optimal process combination for cupping forming of Mg/Al composite plates. This research method can also effectively guide the optimization design of the forming process for Mg/Al laminated composite plates.
关键词
Mg/Al层状复合板 /
杯突 /
断裂
Key words
Mg/Al laminated composite plate /
cupping test /
fracture
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基金
国家自然科学基金（U1910213）; 太原科技大学科研启动基金（20242041,20242094）
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