铁基非晶合金涂层的制备技术及结构-性能关系研究进展

杨贝贝; 李金展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.09.020

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (9) : 193-204. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.09.020

高熵合金和非晶合金成形

铁基非晶合金涂层的制备技术及结构-性能关系研究进展

杨贝贝^*, 李金展

作者信息 +

Research Progress on Preparation Technology and Structure Property Relationship of Iron-based Amorphous Alloy Coatings

YANG Beibei^*, LI Jinzhan

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

铁基非晶合金涂层因其高硬度、优异耐磨性及耐腐蚀性能,在极端服役环境下的表面防护领域展现出良好的应用潜力。相较于块体非晶材料,将铁基非晶合金以涂层形式沉积于金属基体表面,不仅能够充分发挥其优异的综合性能,还能够有效克服块体材料尺寸受限及室温脆性等问题。然而,在实际制备过程中,复杂的热历史、基体稀释及氧化等因素容易诱发局部晶化、孔隙缺陷及界面结合不稳定,从而对涂层性能产生显著影响。本文以“制备工艺-微观组织-结构性能关系”为主线,系统综述了铁基非晶合金涂层典型制备技术及其组织调控与性能演化规律,重点分析了等离子喷涂、电弧喷涂和激光熔覆等工艺在热输入特征、冷却速率及沉积行为方面的差异,并探讨这些因素对非晶保持程度、孔隙缺陷、氧化程度及界面结合质量等关键结构参数的影响。在此基础上,总结不同制备工艺条件下涂层力学性能、摩擦磨损行为及电化学腐蚀性能的变化规律,并提炼出影响涂层性能稳定性的关键控制指标。最后,对当前铁基非晶合金涂层研究中存在的工艺窗口不明确、组织稳定性调控机制不足以及工程化应用验证有限等问题进行了分析,并对未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为铁基非晶合金涂层的工艺优化与工程应用提供参考。

Abstract

Iron-based amorphous alloy coatings have attracted considerable attention in the field of surface protection for harsh service environments due to their high hardness, excellent wear resistance, and superior corrosion resistance. Compared with bulk amorphous materials, depositing iron-based amorphous alloys as coatings on metallic substrates can not only effectively utilize their outstanding properties but also overcome the limitations of bulk materials, such as size constraints and room-temperature brittleness. However, during the coating fabrication process, complex thermal histories, substrate dilution, and oxidation effects often induce partial crystallization, porosity, and unstable interfacial bonding, which can significantly affect the performance of the coatings. In this work, recent research progress on the preparation technologies of iron-based amorphous alloy coatings and their microstructure-property relationships are systematically reviewed from the perspective of the “processing, microstructure and property framework”. Particular attention is given to typical preparation techniques, including plasma spraying, arc spraying, and laser cladding. The differences among these processes in terms of heat input characteristics, cooling rate, and deposition behavior are analyzed, and their influences on key structural parameters such as amorphous retention, porosity, oxidation level, and interfacial bonding are discussed. On this basis, the variation laws of the mechanical properties, friction and wear behaviors, and electrochemical corrosion resistance of the coatings under different preparation process conditions are summarized, and the key control indicators that affect the stability of coating performance are extracted. Finally, the current challenges in this field, such as the lack of clearly defined processing windows, insufficient understanding of microstructural stability control, and limited engineering validation, are discussed, and future research directions are proposed to provide guidance for the process optimization and practical applications of iron-based amorphous alloy coatings.

导出引用

杨贝贝, 李金展. 铁基非晶合金涂层的制备技术及结构-性能关系研究进展[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(9): 193-204 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.09.020

YANG Beibei, LI Jinzhan. Research Progress on Preparation Technology and Structure Property Relationship of Iron-based Amorphous Alloy Coatings[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(9): 193-204 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.09.020

中图分类号： TG174.4

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