冷轧预变形对多晶Cu-Al-Ni合金组织及相变的影响

张政杰; 陈琛; 陈昱林; 张建

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.09.018

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (9) : 176-183. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.09.018

铜合金成形

冷轧预变形对多晶Cu-Al-Ni合金组织及相变的影响

张政杰, 陈琛, 陈昱林, 张建^*

作者信息 +

Effect of Cold Rolling Pre-strain on Microstructure and Phase Transformation of Polycrystalline Cu-Al-Ni Alloy

ZHANG Zhengjie, CHEN Chen, CHEN Yulin, ZHANG Jian^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的研究冷轧预变形对多晶Cu-Al-Ni形状记忆合金热弹性马氏体相变行为的调控机理,重点阐明应力诱发马氏体的演变过程及其诱发缺陷对马氏体稳定化的内在机制,为该合金服役温区的优化设计提供理论依据。方法对多晶Cu-Al-Ni合金实施0%~5%的室温冷轧,综合利用OM、SEM、XRD以及DSC分析微观组织演变与相变特征。结果随着变形量的增加,合金呈现β₁→β₁’→γ₁’的逐级演变特征,微观组织由粗大板条细化为针状。在3.5%~5%应变下,γ₁’相的诱发造成了晶间/相界变形不协调,进而促使晶体内部累积几何必须位错以协调变形。这种组织演变导致相变行为出现阶段性差异,相较于未诱发γ₁’的低应变阶段,γ₁’相的形成与位错增殖的协同作用对相界面产生了强烈的钉扎作用,显著增强了马氏体稳定化效应。结论预变形通过引入γ₁’马氏体以及几何必须位错,改变了多晶Cu-Al-Ni合金的相变特征。β₁’→γ₁’相变伴随的变形不协调性与位错增殖显著增加了逆相变能垒,进而增强了马氏体稳定性并扩大了滞后。该研究证实冷轧工艺作为一种缺陷工程手段,可有效实现对该合金相变温区与滞后特性的有效调控。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the regulation mechanism of cold rolling pre-strain on the thermoelastic martensitic transformation behavior of the polycrystalline Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy, with focus on clarifying the process of stress- induced martensite evolution and the internal mechanisms by which induced defects stabilize martensite, so as to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the alloy’s service temperature range. The polycrystalline Cu-Al-Ni alloy was cold-rolled at room temperature from 0% to 5%. Microstructural evolution and phase transformation characteristics were analyzed in detail using OM, SEM, XRD, and DSC. Results showed that increasing deformation caused a stepwise evolution of β₁→β₁’→γ₁’, with the microstructure refining from coarse laths to needles. At strain levels of 3.5%-5%, deformation of the γ₁’ phase caused intergranular/phase-boundary deformation incompatibility, which in turn prompted the accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations within the crystal to coordinate the deformation. This microstructural evolution resulted in stage-dependent differences in the phase transformation behavior. Compared with the low-strain stage without induced γ₁’, the formation of γ₁’ phase and the combined effect of dislocation proliferation significantly enhanced the pinning effect on the phase interface, resulting in a noticeable increase in the martensitic stabilization effect. In conclusion, pre-strain significantly alters the phase transformation behavior of the polycrystalline Cu-Al-Ni alloy by introducing γ₁’ martensite and geometrically necessary dislocations. Deformation incompatibility and dislocation multiplication associated with the β₁’→γ₁’ transformation substantially increase the energy barrier to the reverse transformation, thereby improving martensite stability and widening the hysteresis. This research demonstrates that cold rolling, as a defect-engineering method, can effectively control the phase transformation temperature range and the alloy's hysteresis characteristics.

导出引用

张政杰, 陈琛, 陈昱林, 张建. 冷轧预变形对多晶Cu-Al-Ni合金组织及相变的影响[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(9): 176-183 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.09.018

ZHANG Zhengjie, CHEN Chen, CHEN Yulin, ZHANG Jian. Effect of Cold Rolling Pre-strain on Microstructure and Phase Transformation of Polycrystalline Cu-Al-Ni Alloy[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(9): 176-183 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.09.018

中图分类号： TG139.6

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