目的 开发并评估一种针对316L不锈钢黏结剂喷射（BJ）增材制造的水基黏结剂。重点考察其热解行为、粉体润湿与黏结机理、成形精度、烧结致密化特征以及力学性能,以验证其在BJ工艺中的应用价值。方法 通过黏度和表面张力测试结果验证黏结剂的可喷射性;利用TGA研究其热解行为并设计脱脂-烧结工艺;结合SEM观察初坯微观形貌,并对初坯尺寸精度、致密度及烧结后收缩行为进行系统表征;最后对烧结件力学性能进行测试,并与MPIF标准MIM-316L数据进行对比分析。结果 该黏结剂Oh值位于0.132~0.144区间,具有良好的喷射稳定性;在30~800 ℃呈现连续、平稳的分段失重行为,残碳风险较低;成形样品在xyz方向均表现出较高的尺寸精度与良好的一致性,烧结收缩稳定且各向异性较弱;烧结件抗拉强度为540~560 MPa,延伸率为76.67%~86.67%,且与喷墨方向关联度较低。结论 所开发的黏结剂在喷射稳定性、粉体润湿渗透性、初坯结构均匀性及热解阶段的可控性方面表现出良好的工艺适配性,采用该黏结剂能够有效提升BJ工艺的成形质量。其烧结件力学性能整体优于MPIF标准MIM制件,具有良好的应用潜力。
Abstract
The work aims to develop and evaluate a water-based binder tailored for binder jetting (BJ) additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel, with focus on its thermal decomposition behavior, powder wetting and binding mechanism, forming accuracy, sintering densification, and mechanical performance to verify its application value in the BJ process. Jetability was evaluated through viscosity and surface tension measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to determine the debinding-sintering strategy. The microstructure of green bodies was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while dimensional accuracy, green density, and sintering shrinkage were quantitatively analyzed. The mechanical properties of the sintered parts were further tested and compared with those specified for MIM-316L in the MPIF standard. The binder exhibited an Ohnesorge number of 0.132-0.144, indicating stable droplet formation. A multi-stage and smooth weight-loss behavior was observed from 30 to 800 ℃, with minimal carbon residue. The printed specimens demonstrated high dimensional consistency across the x, y, and z directions, with stable sintering shrinkage and poor anisotropy. The sintered parts achieved a tensile strength of 540-560 MPa and an elongation of 76.7%-86.7%, with a relatively low correlation with the jetting direction. The developed binder demonstrates excellent process adaptability in terms of jetting stability, powder wetting and penetration, uniformity of the initial green body structure, and controllability during the debinding stage. The use of this binder can effectively improve the forming quality of the BJ process. The mechanical properties of its sintered parts are generally superior to those of MPIF standard MIM parts, and it has good application potential.
关键词
黏结剂喷射 /
316L不锈钢 /
水基 黏结剂 /
尺寸精度 /
力学性能
Key words
binder jetting /
316L stainless steel /
water-based binder /
dimensional accuracy /
mechanical properties
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基金
湖北省科技创新人才计划（2025DJB073）; 湖北省自然科学基金联合基金（2026AFC0716）
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