目的 针对焊接过程中HRB400E低合金高强钒钛螺纹钢焊缝经非平衡热循环后晶粒粗化、与母材强韧性失配的问题,研究纳米氧化物掺杂对其焊接接头微观组织与力学性能的改善效果,以提升该类钢材焊接接头的综合性能,为该钢种专用焊接材料的优化设计提供试验依据。方法 在J507焊条药皮中分别掺杂质量分数为2%的TiO2、B2O3、Ce2O3和MgO纳米氧化物,制备不同合金体系的焊条,并对低合金高强钒钛螺纹钢进行焊接。采用日本理学SmartLab SE型X射线衍射仪对试样进行物相分析,采用HY-1080型拉伸试验机、JB-200B型冲击试验机和HXD-1000型显微硬度计,系统测试焊接接头的抗拉强度、室温冲击韧性和显微硬度。通过Olympas-BH型金相显微镜和PHILIPS-XL30型扫描电镜观察焊接接头的微观组织形貌及拉伸断口特征,并结合射线探伤技术评估焊缝质量。结果 纳米氧化物的掺杂主要以高熔点复合夹杂物形式存在于焊缝中,其可作为针状铁素体的异质形核核心,同时发挥晶界钉扎作用,显著细化焊接接头的微观组织,促进针状铁素体的析出;纳米氧化物掺杂后焊接接头硬度与强度显著提升,焊缝区最高硬度达335HV（较无添加组提高28%）,接头抗拉强度最高达616 MPa（提高2%）,所有焊接接头拉断位置均位于HAZ,室温冲击韧性最高达177 J（提高301%）,焊接接头系数最高达99.2%,焊缝与母材实现了优异的强度匹配,其中MgO的掺杂效果最为突出,其冲击韧性提升接近4倍,断口为典型韧性韧窝断裂;焊缝成形良好,未发现气孔、夹渣等缺陷。结论 纳米氧化物掺杂可有效改善HRB400E低合金高强钒钛螺纹钢焊接接头的组织与力学性能,焊接接头的硬度、抗拉强度和冲击韧性均有所提升,其中MgO的冲击韧性增强效果最佳。该技术为实现HRB400E钢焊缝与母材强韧性匹配提供了有效的纳米氧化物改性技术途径。
Abstract
To solve the problems of grain coarsening and strength-toughness mismatch with the base metal in the weld of HRB400E high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) vanadium titanium steel bar subjected to non-equilibrium thermal cycles during welding, the work aims to investigate the improvement effect of nano-oxide doping on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints, enhancing the comprehensive performance of welded joints of this steel grade, and providing an experimental basis for the optimal design of special welding materials for this steel. TiO2, B2O3, Ce2O3 and MgO nano-oxides with a mass fraction of 2% were doped into the coating of J507 (E5015) electrode to prepare electrodes with different alloy systems, which were subsequently used for the welding of the HSLA vanadium titanium steel bars. Phase analysis of the samples was performed with a SmartLab SE X-ray diffractometer (XRD, Rigaku Corporation, Japan). The tensile strength, room-temperature impact toughness and microhardness of the welded joints were systematically tested with a HY-1080 tensile testing machine, a JB-200B impact testing machine and a HXD-1000 microhardness tester. The microstructure and tensile fracture characteristics of the welded joints were observed with an Olympus-BH optical microscope (OM) and a PHILIPS-XL30 scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the weld quality was evaluated via radiographic nondestructive testing. The doped nano-oxides were mainly present in the weld in the form of high-melting-point composite inclusions, which could serve as heterogeneous nucleation sites for acicular ferrite (AF). These composite inclusions significantly refined the microstructure of the welded joints, promoted the nucleation and formation of acicular ferrite, and exerted a pinning effect on grain boundaries. After nano-oxide doping, the hardness and strength of the welded joints were significantly improved: the maximum hardness in the weld zone reached 335HV (28% higher than that of the control group), the maximum tensile strength of the joints reached 616 MPa (2% higher than that of the control group), all tensile specimens fractured in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), the maximum room-temperature impact toughness reached 177 J (301% higher than that of the control group), and the maximum weld joint coefficient reached 99.2%, realizing excellent strength matching between the weld and the base metal. Among them, MgO doping presented the most prominent modification effect, with the impact toughness reaching nearly 4 times that of the control group, and the corresponding fracture surface exhibited a typical ductile dimple fracture morphology. The welds exhibited excellent formation, and no welding defects (e.g., porosity, slag inclusion) were detected. Nano-oxide doping can effectively improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints of HRB400E HSLA vanadium titanium steel bar, with enhanced hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness of the welded joints, among which MgO has the optimal enhancement effect on impact toughness. This technology provides an effective nano-oxide modification approach to achieve the strength-toughness matching between the weld and the base metal of HRB400E steel.
关键词
钒钛螺纹钢 /
焊接接头 /
纳米氧化物 /
力学性能 /
焊接性能
Key words
vanadium titanium steel bar /
welded joint /
nano-oxide /
mechanical properties /
weldability
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基金
承德市应用技术研究与开发暨可持续发展议程创新示范区专项科技计划（202305B018）; 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（254Z1007G）
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