目的 探究不锈钢坯在拉坯矫直过程中的微观晶粒演变机理,从而揭示不同工艺参数不锈钢坯拉矫过程晶粒影响下温度、应力的瞬时演变规律。方法 以某钢材厂连铸机组为研究对象,通过数值模拟建立不锈钢坯拉矫过程热-力耦合三维有限元微晶模型,以Voronoi法生成钢坯多晶体结构,采用纳米压痕实验获取硬度数据,计算晶粒力学性能差异性系数,基于正态分布特征将晶粒划分为7类,并通过Python程序随机分配各类晶粒对应的材料属性,模拟分析了拉矫过程中晶粒尺度下的应力和温度分布。结果 引入晶粒差异性后,应力场呈现与晶粒形貌高度一致的局部突变特征;温度场出现局部差异变化。当压下率由5%增至15%时,应力峰值由273 MPa升至450 MPa左右,温度变化幅度增大;当辊速由0.4 rad/s提升至0.8 rad/s时,应力峰值由45.1 MPa降至31.7 MPa左右,温度变化幅度减小;当初始温度由1 250 K降至1 150 K时,应力峰值由139 MPa升高至234 MPa左右,而对温度场影响不显著。结论 晶粒差异性导致晶粒变形协调性引发不锈钢坯拉矫过程中应力场、温度场呈现显著差异性分布,其中压下率与辊速分别对应力场和温度场有显著影响,而初始温度的影响则相对有限。
Abstract
The work aims to explore the micrograin evolution mechanism of stainless steel billets during the straightening process, and thereby reveal the instantaneous evolution laws of temperature and stress under the influence of grain size during the straightening process of stainless steel billets with different process parameters. With a continuous casting unit in a steel plant as the research object, a three-dimensional finite element micro-grain model coupled with thermal-plastic multi-field was established through numerical simulation. The multi-grain structure of the steel billet was generated using the Voronoi method. Hardness data were obtained through nano-indentation experiments, and the variability coefficient of grain mechanical properties was calculated. Based on the characteristics of normal distribution, grains were divided into seven categories, which were randomly assigned to different material properties using Python. The stress and temperature distributions at the grain scale during the straightening process were simulated and analyzed. After introducing grain variability, the stress field exhibited local mutation characteristics highly consistent with the grain morphology; the temperature field showed local differences. When the reduction ratio increased from 5% to 15%, the peak stress increased from 273 MPa to around 450 MPa, and the temperature variation amplitude increased. When the roll speed increased from 0.4 rad/s to 0.8 rad/s, the peak stress decreased from 45.1 MPa to around 31.7 MPa, and the temperature variation amplitude decreased. When the initial temperature decreased from 1 250 K to 1 150 K, the peak stress increased from 139 MPa to around 234 MPa, while the impact on the temperature field was not significant. In conclusion, grain variability is the fundamental reason for the significant differences in the distribution of micro-stress and temperature fields during the straightening process of stainless steel billets. Among them, the reduction ratio and roll speed have significant impacts on the stress and temperature fields, respectively, while the impact of initial temperature is relatively limited.
关键词
拉矫机 /
晶粒差异性 /
Voronoi法模型 /
不锈钢坯 /
热-力耦合
Key words
straightening machine /
grain differentiation /
Voronoi method model /
stainless steel billet /
thermal-mechanical coupling
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基金
辽宁省冶金装备与过程控制重点实验室开放项目（2024KFKT-01）; 辽宁省高校基本科研专项资金（LJ222410146021）
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