铝合金熔体纯净化处理研究现状

黄涛; 唐滔; 郑开宏; 左中强; 王洪振; 彭建

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.013

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (8) : 145-156. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.013

轻合金成形

铝合金熔体纯净化处理研究现状

黄涛¹, 唐滔¹, 郑开宏², 左中强³, 王洪振³, 彭建^1,*

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Current Research Progress on the Purification of Aluminum Alloy Melts

HUANG Tao¹, TANG Tao¹, ZHENG Kaihong², ZUO Zhongqiang³, WANG Hongzhen³, PENG Jian^1,*

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摘要

铝合金铸锭在熔铸过程中常因纯净度不足而产生气孔、夹杂等缺陷,从而显著制约铝合金构件的力学性能、疲劳寿命及服役可靠性。随着高性能铝合金的快速发展和对服役性能的要求不断提升,研究开发高效净化铝合金熔体技术以制备高品质铝合金铸锭,已成为当前铝合金熔铸领域亟须解决的关键技术问题。本文系统综述了铝合金熔体纯净化处理技术的研究进展与发展趋势。从熔体净化的主导机理出发,将现有铝合金熔体纯净化方法分为吸附净化与非吸附净化2类基本技术路径。吸附净化主要通过气泡浮选、熔剂净化及过滤等方式,借助外加界面实现氢气与夹杂物的吸附与分离;非吸附净化则通过施加真空、超声、电磁等外部物理场,主动改变熔体内部的热力学与动力学条件,促进氢的析出及夹杂物的聚集与迁移。在此基础上,针对单一净化方法在净化效率、处理规模及工艺稳定性方面的局限,逐步发展形成了以多工艺或多物理场协同耦合为特征的综合净化技术,为实现铝合金熔体的深度净化提供了有效途径。对不同净化技术的原理特点、应用效果及工程适用性进行对比分析,结果表明,单一净化方法难以同时满足高效率、连续化和稳定化的工程需求。未来研究应重点发展多工艺耦合的智能复合净化技术,并结合新型净化介质与装备研发,推动在线监测、智能控制与数字仿真技术的深度融合,以满足高端铝合金对熔体纯净度的严苛要求。

Abstract

Aluminum alloy ingots are susceptible to defects such as porosity and non-metallic inclusions during melting and casting because of inadequate melt cleanliness, which severely degrades the mechanical properties, fatigue life, and service reliability of aluminum alloy components. With the rapid development of high-performance aluminum alloys and increasingly stringent service requirements, the development of efficient melt purification technologies for producing high-quality ingots has become a critical challenge in aluminum melting and casting. The work aims to systematically review recent research progress and emerging trends in aluminum alloy melt purification technologies. Based on their dominant purification mechanisms, existing melt purification methods can be classified into two fundamental routes: adsorptive and non-adsorptive purification. Adsorptive purification primarily involves bubble flotation, flux refining, and filtration, where external interfaces are introduced to adsorb and remove dissolved hydrogen and non-metallic inclusions from the melt. In contrast, non-adsorptive purification employs external physical fields, such as vacuum, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic fields, to modify the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of the melt, thereby promoting hydrogen precipitation as well as the aggregation and migration of inclusions. To overcome the limitations of single purification methods in purification efficiency, treatment scale, and process stability, integrated purification technologies based on the synergistic coupling of multiple processes or physical fields have been developed, offering effective routes for deep purification of aluminum alloy melts. Through comparative analysis of the principles, purification performance, and engineering applicability of different technologies, a single purification method can hardly meet the engineering requirements of high efficiency, continuity and stability simultaneously. Future research is expected to focus on intelligent integrated purification systems with multi-process coupling, novel purification media and equipment development, and the deep integration of online monitoring, intelligent control, and digital simulation to meet the stringent cleanliness requirements of high-end aluminum alloys for melt purification.

导出引用

黄涛, 唐滔, 郑开宏, 左中强, 王洪振, 彭建. 铝合金熔体纯净化处理研究现状[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(8): 145-156 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.013

HUANG Tao, TANG Tao, ZHENG Kaihong, ZUO Zhongqiang, WANG Hongzhen, PENG Jian. Current Research Progress on the Purification of Aluminum Alloy Melts[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(8): 145-156 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.013

中图分类号： TG146.2

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