目的 实现EH40钢焊接接头强度与韧性的合理匹配,分析接头微观组织的演变规律及其与力学性能之间的内在关联,以确保EH40钢焊接结构能够长期安全稳定服役。方法 采用ER550药芯焊丝对EH40钢进行熔化极气体保护焊接,系统研究焊接电流和电压等核心工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响规律,并进一步优化焊接工艺参数,对EH40钢板进行焊接;通过金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及电子背散射衍射等表征手段,分析接头各区域的形貌特征、晶粒尺寸、晶界及韧窝形态。结果 在中低电压26.5 V配合230 A焊接电流条件下,焊缝区由针状铁素体+少量先共析铁素体+M-A岛（MA）组成的混合组织组成,过热区由粗大的板条贝氏体+残余奥氏体晶粒+针状铁素体组成,正火区由铁素体（AF）+细小粒状贝氏体（B）组成,不完全正火区的微观组织由细小的等轴铁素体（EF）组成;焊接接头的平均抗拉强度为598 MPa,焊后延伸率为27%,断裂位置为母材;在-30 ℃条件下,焊缝区的冲击吸收功为65 J,熔合区冲击吸收功为97 J,热影响区冲击吸收功为133 J。结论 通过合理的工艺优化可以实现EH40钢焊接接头强度与韧性的有效匹配,为EH40钢的高效、高质量焊接提供了理论依据与工程参考。
Abstract
The work aims to realize the reasonable matching of strength and toughness of EH40 steel welded joints, analyze the evolution law of joint microstructure and its internal relationship with mechanical properties, and ensure the long-term safe and stable service of EH40 steel welded structure. In this paper, ER550 flux-cored wire was used to weld EH40 steel by gas metal arc welding. The effect of core process parameters such as welding current and voltage on weld formation was systematically studied, and the EH40 steel plate was welded after further optimizing the welding process parameters. The morphology, grain size, grain boundary and dimple morphology of each region of the joint were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and electron backscatter diffraction. With medium and low voltage of 26.5 V and 230 A welding current, the weld zone was composed of acicular ferrite+a small amount of proeutectoid ferrite+M-A island (MA). The overheated zone was composed of coarse lath bainite+retained austenite grain+acicular ferrite. The normalized zone was composed of ferrite (AF)+fine granular bainite (B). The microstructure of incomplete normalized zone was composed of fine equiaxed ferrite (PF). The average tensile strength of the welded joint was 598 MPa, the elongation after welding was 27%, and the fracture position was the base metal. Under the condition of -30 ℃, the impact absorption energy of the weld zone was 65 J, the impact absorption energy of the fusion zone was 97 J, and the impact absorption energy of the heat affected zone was 133 J. Through reasonable process optimization, the effective matching of strength and toughness of EH40 steel welded joints can be realized, which provides a theoretical basis and engineering reference for efficient and high-quality welding of EH40 steel.
关键词
EH40钢 /
熔化极气体保护焊 /
焊接工艺 /
力学性能 /
微观组织
Key words
EH40 steel /
gas metal arc welding /
welding process /
mechanical property /
microstructure
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基金
泰山产业领军人才工程专项经费（2024001）; 广西重点研发计划（桂科AB25069254）; 黑龙江省自然科学基金（PL2025E073）
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