CuMn基钎料钎焊钨与铜接头组织及力学性能

陆浩天; 李士硕; 屈原昊; 盛兰兵; 张晓航; 沈宇

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.008

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (8) : 89-98. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.008

高端能源、航空航天装备部件精密成形关键技术

CuMn基钎料钎焊钨与铜接头组织及力学性能

陆浩天^*, 李士硕, 屈原昊, 盛兰兵, 张晓航, 沈宇

作者信息 +

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of W/Cu Joints Brazed with CuMn-based Filler Metal

LU Haotian^*, LI Shishuo, QU Yuanhao, SHENG Lanbing, ZHANG Xiaohang, SHEN Yu

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对W/Cu冶金不相容及热膨胀系数差异巨大导致的连接难题,设计并制备了2种高锰含量钎料（Cu-23.5Mn-9Ni和Cu-23.5Mn-11Co）,系统研究了Ni和Co元素对钎焊接头微观组织、界面反应行为及力学性能的影响规律。方法采用真空钎焊制备W/Cu接头,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDS）对钎缝微观组织、元素分布及剪切断口形貌进行表征;采用电子万能试验机对接头进行室温剪切强度测试,分析不同钎料及工艺条件下的力学性能。结果在钎焊温度900 ℃、保温时间10 min工艺条件下,2种钎料均能实现W与Cu的可靠冶金结合,获得致密、无连续脆性相的钎缝组织。CuMnNi钎料中Ni主要富集于W/钎料界面,接头平均剪切强度为(163.1±10.2) MPa;CuMnCo钎料中的Co以固溶形式向W基体内部扩散,形成成分梯度过渡层,增强界面结合强度,接头平均剪切强度达(182.6±9.6) MPa。2种接头的剪切断口均呈现韧脆混合断裂特征,断口形貌包含韧窝、撕裂棱及局部解理台阶。结论 CuMnCo钎料中的Co向W基体中固溶扩散显著增强了界面结合强度,其综合力学性能优于CuMnNi钎料,为后续W与Cu的钎焊研究及应用提供了一定的技术参考。

Abstract

The work aims to address the joining difficulties caused by metallurgical incompatibility and large mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion between W and Cu by designing and preparing two high-manganese filler metals (Cu-23.5Mn- 9Ni and Cu-23.5Mn-11Co) and systematically investigating the effects of Ni and Co on the microstructure, interfacial reaction behavior and mechanical properties of brazed joints. W/Cu joints were fabricated by vacuum brazing. The microstructure, elemental distribution and shear fracture morphology of the brazed seams were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Room-temperature shear strength of the joints was measured with a universal electronic testing machine to evaluate the mechanical properties under different filler metals and process conditions. Under the brazing condition of 900 ℃ and a holding time of 10 min, both filler metals achieved reliable metallurgical bonding between W and Cu, resulting in dense brazed seams without continuous brittle phases. For the CuMnNi filler, Ni was mainly enriched at the W/filler interface, and the joint exhibited an average shear strength of (163.1±10.2) MPa. For the CuMnCo filler, Co diffused into the W substrate by forming a solid solution, creating a compositionally graded transition layer that enhanced interfacial bonding strength, and the joint achieved an average shear strength of (182.6±9.6) MPa. The shear fractures of both joints exhibited a mixed ductile-brittle failure mode, with morphologies comprising dimples, tearing ridges and local cleavage facets. The solid-solution diffusion of Co into the W substrate significantly enhances the interfacial bonding strength of the CuMnCo brazed joint, rendering its comprehensive mechanical performance superior to that of the CuMnNi counterpart. This work provides a technical reference for future research and applications of W/Cu brazing.

导出引用

陆浩天, 李士硕, 屈原昊, 盛兰兵, 张晓航, 沈宇. CuMn基钎料钎焊钨与铜接头组织及力学性能[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(8): 89-98 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.008

LU Haotian, LI Shishuo, QU Yuanhao, SHENG Lanbing, ZHANG Xiaohang, SHEN Yu. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of W/Cu Joints Brazed with CuMn-based Filler Metal[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(8): 89-98 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.008

中图分类号： TG454

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