目的 明确FCC与BCC功能梯度镶嵌晶格结构在不同梯度方向与密度分布下的力学性能、变形行为及吸能特性,筛选出兼顾低初始冲击力、高压溃力效率与高单位吸能的最优构型,为高端制造领域轻质吸能部件的设计提供方案与量化指标。方法 采用参数化设计方法构建了6类不同梯度方向与密度分布的梯度镶嵌型晶格结构（基于FCC与BCC晶胞的镶嵌组合）,并通过准静态压缩实验系统测试了各结构的力学响应、失效过程及吸能指标（初始冲击力IPF、压溃力效率CFE、单位吸能SEA）。结果 所有梯度结构遵循相同失效规律：破坏均起始于材料最稀疏、最薄弱的区域,随后稳定向密实区域逐步扩展。性能测试结果表明,在6类梯度构型中,“BCC镶嵌FCC”且密度分布为“高密度-低密度-高密度”的结构综合表现最佳,其初始冲击力（IPF）最小为13.1 MN,压溃力效率（CFE）最高为2.33;“FCC镶嵌BCC”且采用“颠倒线性梯度”（密度沿加载方向递增）的结构在单位吸能（SEA）方面最强为0.52 kJ/g,较最差构型提高约240%;密度分布为“高密度-低密度-高密度”的梯度类型是整体性能最理想的吸能结构,在该类型中采用FCC镶嵌BCC的组合可在兼顾冲击缓和与高效吸能之间取得最佳平衡。结论 通过合理匹配基体相、镶嵌相及密度分布,功能梯度镶嵌型晶格结构能够有效引导塑性变形从薄弱区逐级扩展,降低初始冲击峰值并提升压溃稳定性,为高端制造领域（如汽车吸能盒、航空缓冲结构）中轻质吸能部件的定制化设计提供了理论依据与数据支持。
Abstract
The work aims to clarify the mechanical properties, deformation behavior, and energy absorption characteristics of FCC/BCC functionally gradient inlaid lattice structures under varying gradient directions and density distributions, and to identify the optimal configuration featuring low initial peak force, high crushing force efficiency, and high specific energy absorption, thereby providing design strategies and quantitative benchmarks for lightweight energy-absorbing components in high-end manufacturing. Six types of gradient inlaid lattice structures, with different gradient directions and density distributions (based on inlaid combinations of FCC and BCC unit cells), were constructed through parametric design. Quasi-static compression tests were then conducted to systematically characterize their mechanical responses, failure processes, and key energy absorption indicators, namely, initial peak force (IPF), crushing force efficiency (CFE), and specific energy absorption (SEA). All gradient structures exhibited a consistent failure mechanism: fracture initiated from the sparsest and weakest region and subsequently propagated steadily toward the denser region. Experimental results revealed that, among the six gradient configurations, the “BCC-inlaid-FCC structure” with “a high-density-low-density-high-density distribution” achieved the best overall performance, delivering the lowest IPF of 13.1 MN and the highest CFE of 2.33. The “FCC-inlaid-BCC structure” with “a reverse linear gradient” (density increasing along the loading direction) exhibited the highest SEA of 0.52 kJ/g, approximately 240% higher than that of the worst-performing configuration. The gradient pattern with “a high-density-low-density-high-density distribution” proved to be the most favorable for overall energy absorption performance, among which the FCC-inlaid-BCC combination achieved the best balance between impact mitigation and efficient energy absorption. It is concluded that, by rationally matching the matrix phase, inlaid phase, and density distribution, functionally gradient inlaid lattice structures can effectively guide progressive plastic deformation starting from weak zones, reduce the initial impact peak, and enhance crushing stability. This work provides theoretical foundations and data support for the customized design of lightweight energy absorption components in high-end manufacturing fields, such as automotive crash boxes and aviation buffer structures.
关键词
梯度晶格结构 /
AlSi10Mg /
选区激光熔化 /
能量吸收 /
破坏机制
Key words
gradient lattice structure /
AlSi10Mg /
selective laser melting /
energy absorption /
failure mechanism
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