巴氏合金表面涂层制备与服役性能研究进展

施建军; 王悦颖; 常嘉硕; 卢一凡; 王星星; 陈晓江; 宋晨飞; 王帅; 原志鹏; 何鹏

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.003

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (8) : 34-52. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.003

高端能源、航空航天装备部件精密成形关键技术

巴氏合金表面涂层制备与服役性能研究进展

施建军^1,2,3, 王悦颖¹, 常嘉硕¹, 卢一凡¹, 王星星^1,*, 陈晓江³, 宋晨飞⁴, 王帅¹, 原志鹏¹, 何鹏^2,*

作者信息 +

Research Progress in Preparation and Service Performance of Babbitt Alloy Surface Coating

SHI Jianjun^1,2,3, WANG Yueying¹, CHANG Jiashuo¹, LU Yifan¹, WANG Xingxing^1,*, CHEN Xiaojiang³, SONG Chenfei⁴, WANG Shuai¹, YUAN Zhipeng¹, HE Peng^2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

巴氏合金兼具良好的顺应性、嵌藏性、抗咬合性和减摩性能,长期作为大型滑动轴承不可替代的关键表面涂层材料。随着汽轮机、水轮机、压缩机等高端装备持续向高载荷、高转速、长寿命和频繁启停工况发展,传统浇铸巴氏合金层易存在组织粗化、成分偏析、界面结合不足、高温稳定性差及疲劳剥落等问题。本文围绕巴氏合金表面涂层研究进展,从制备工艺、组织演化与界面行为、服役性能及其影响因素,以及工程应用、失效分析与再制造几个方面进行系统综述。重点综述了液-固复合浇铸、冷金属过渡/熔化极惰性气体保护电弧低热输入焊接覆层制备技术、激光熔覆/重熔、热喷涂与电沉积等工艺对α-Sn软基体、SnSb和Cu₆Sn₅硬质相分布、界面扩散层及缺陷控制的影响,归纳了中间层设计、元素/颗粒复合强化与表面功能化在提高承载能力、减摩抗磨和抗剥落性能方面的作用机制,并讨论了润滑、温度与疲劳耦合作用下的典型失效模式,以及大型轴瓦修复再制造技术的发展趋势。未来巴氏合金表面涂层材料应重点围绕低热输入高致密制备、组织与界面协同调控、复合强化与表面功能化设计及近工况服役评价与数字化再制造开展研究。

Abstract

Babbitt alloy possesses excellent conformability, embeddability, anti-seizure behavior, and anti-friction performance, and has long been served as an indispensable surface-coating material for large sliding bearings. With the continuous development of high-end equipment such as steam turbines, hydraulic turbines and compressors toward high load, high speed, long service life, and frequent start-stop operating conditions, Babbitt alloy coatings cast in conventional ways are increasingly prone to problems such as microstructural coarsening, compositional segregation, insufficient interfacial bonding, poor high- temperature stability, and fatigue spalling. Based on recent research progresses in Babbitt alloy surface coatings, this paper provides a systematic review from preparation processes, microstructural evolution and interfacial behavior, service performance and its influencing factors, as well as engineering applications, failure analysis, and remanufacturing. The review focuses on the effects of liquid-solid composite casting, cold metal transfer/metal inert gas arc welding low-heat-input welded coating fabrication, laser cladding/remelting, thermal spraying, and electrodeposition on the distribution of the α-Sn soft matrix, SnSb and Cu₆Sn₅ hard phases, interfacial diffusion coatings, and defect control. The mechanisms by which intercoating design, elemental/particle composite strengthening, and surface functionalization improve load-bearing capacity, anti-friction and wear resistance, and anti-spalling performance are summarized. In addition, typical failure modes under the coupled effects of lubrication, temperature, and fatigue are discussed, together with the development trends of repair and remanufacturing technologies for large bearing bushes. In the future, research on Babbitt alloy surface coating materials should focus on low-heat-input and high-density fabrication, coordinated regulation of microstructure and interface, composite strengthening and surface functionalization design, near-service-condition performance evaluation, and digital remanufacturing.

导出引用

施建军, 王悦颖, 常嘉硕, 卢一凡, 王星星, 陈晓江, 宋晨飞, 王帅, 原志鹏, 何鹏. 巴氏合金表面涂层制备与服役性能研究进展[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(8): 34-52 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.003

SHI Jianjun, WANG Yueying, CHANG Jiashuo, LU Yifan, WANG Xingxing, CHEN Xiaojiang, SONG Chenfei, WANG Shuai, YUAN Zhipeng, HE Peng. Research Progress in Preparation and Service Performance of Babbitt Alloy Surface Coating[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(8): 34-52 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.08.003

中图分类号： TG178

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基金

国家自然科学基金（52475347）; 河南省高端外国专家引进计划（HNGD2026039）; 高端轴承摩擦学技术与应用国家地方联合工程实验室开放基金（202605）; 河南省重点研发计划（251111222600）; 中原科技创新领军人才项目（254200510047）; 河南省基础研究专项（26ZX018）; 河南省科技研发计划联合基金（235200810030）