目的 探明表面清洗工艺对Q355ME碳钢服役性能的影响规律,为工程机械用钢的循环利用及工艺优化提供理论支撑。方法 通过力学测试、腐蚀实验及显微组织表征,系统对比非接触式激光清洗（LC）与传统机械打磨（MG）对碳钢表面形貌、拉伸与抗弯特性、高周疲劳响应及耐蚀性能的影响。结果 在微观组织上,LC处理无机械致损且铁素体晶界连续;MG处理在晶界诱发密集微观剥落与孔洞。在力学性能方面,LC试样因晶界连续性得以保持,伸长率达29.5%,较MG工艺提升约10.7%;MG试样因表层加工硬化效应,抗弯强度达728.0 MPa,较LC工艺提升约7.3%。在疲劳性能上,LC表面局部缺陷引发应力集中,疲劳极限降至300 MPa;MG因低粗糙度及残余压应力抑制裂纹萌生,疲劳极限达350 MPa。在耐蚀性上,LC有效阻断局部“闭塞电池”效应,自腐蚀电位正移至-0.68 V,优于MG的-0.76 V。结论 LC工艺凭借非热损伤特性有效维持了基体微观组织的完整性,赋予Q355ME碳钢更优异的拉伸延展性与环境耐蚀性;MG工艺则通过表面加工硬化与残余压应力调控,提升了抗弯强度和疲劳寿命。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effects of surface cleaning processes on the in-service performance of Q355ME carbon steel, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the recycling and process optimization of steel used in construction machinery. Through mechanical testing, corrosion experiments, and microstructural characterization, this study systematically compared the effects of non-contact laser cleaning (LC) and conventional mechanical grinding (MG) on the surface morphology, tensile and bending properties, cyclic fatigue response, and corrosion resistance of this carbon steel. Microstructurally, LC treatment caused no mechanical damage and maintained continuous ferrite grain boundaries; MG treatment induced dense micro-spalling and pitting at grain and phase boundaries. In terms of mechanical properties, LC specimens achieved an elongation at fracture of 29.5% due to the preservation of grain boundary continuity, approximately 10.7% higher than the MG process; MG specimens reached a bending strength of 728.0 MPa due to the surface work hardening effect, approximately 7.3% higher than the LC process. Regarding fatigue performance, localized surface defects in the LC treatment caused stress concentration, reducing the fatigue limit to 300 MPa; in contrast, the MG treatment, due to its low surface roughness and residual compressive stress, suppressed crack initiation, resulting in a fatigue limit of 350 MPa. In terms of corrosion resistance, the LC treatment effectively prevented the localized “occluded cell” effect, shifting the self-corrosion potential to -0.68 V, which was superior to the -0.76 V observed for the MG treatment. In conclusion, the LC process, with its non-thermal damage characteristics, effectively maintains the integrity of the matrix microstructure, imparting superior tensile ductility and environmental corrosion resistance to Q355ME carbon steel; the MG process, through surface work hardening and residual compressive stress control, enhances bending strength and fatigue life.
关键词
Q355ME碳钢 /
激光清洗 /
微观缺陷 /
电化学腐蚀 /
高周疲劳
Key words
Q355ME carbon steel /
laser cleaning /
microscopic defects /
electrochemical corrosion /
high-cycle fatigue
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基金
湖南省科技创新计划（2023RC1088）; 国家自然科学基金面上项目（52475346）; 湖南省自然科学基金（2025JJ70085）; 湖南省创新人才计划（2025RC4011）
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