目的 研究不同温度热处理对冷轧铜-钢-铜复合板微观组织织构、界面结构及力学性能的影响规律,以优化综合性能。方法 将试样分别加热至600、640和680 ℃,并在相应温度下保温3 h,利用扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射、能谱分析及拉伸试验等手段,系统表征热处理后复合板的界面形貌、元素扩散行为、再结晶行为、织构组分、几何必需位错密度及力学性能。结果 轧制态复合板热处理后,铜侧与钢侧均发生明显再结晶,组织由轧制态拉长晶粒转变为均匀等轴晶,且晶粒随温度升高逐渐长大。热处理显著降低了钢侧与铜侧的几何必要位错密度,并且钢侧轧制织构减弱,铜侧再结晶织构增强。在600~680 ℃的热处理条件下,铜/钢界面保持平直、连续,未出现孔洞、裂纹及显著的金属间化合物。随热处理温度升高,界面元素扩散增强,且在各温度下Fe的扩散系数均高于Cu。力学性能测试结果表明,热处理复合板屈服与抗拉强度显著下降,而延伸率明显提高。结论 本研究揭示了热处理对铜-钢-铜复合板组织织构、界面结构及力学性能的影响规律,明确了微观组织、元素扩散及织构演变等机制,为复合板热处理工艺优化与综合性能改善提供了可靠的理论依据。
Abstract
The work aims to meticulously examine the effect of heat treatment at different temperature levels on the microstructure, texture, interfacial structure, and mechanical properties of cold-roll-bonded copper-steel-copper clad plates to improve the overall performance. The specimens were heated to 600, 640, and 680 ℃, respectively, followed by isothermal holding for 3 h. Scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and tensile testing were employed. The interfacial morphology, elemental diffusion, recrystallization behavior, texture evolution, geometrically necessary dislocation density, and mechanical response were systematically characterized. The results demonstrated that pronounced recrystallization occurred in both the copper and steel layers after heat treatment of the as-rolled clad plate. The elongated grains formed during rolling were transformed into uniform equiaxed grains, and the grain size gradually increased with increasing heat-treatment temperature. Heat treatment significantly reduced the geometrically necessary dislocation density in both the steel and copper layers. Meanwhile, the rolling texture in the steel layer was weakened, whereas the recrystallization texture in the copper layer was enhanced. Under heat-treatment conditions of 600-680 ℃, the copper/steel interface remained straight and continuous, without pores, cracks or obvious intermetallic compounds. As the heat-treatment temperature increased, elemental diffusion across the interface was promoted, and the diffusion coefficient of Fe was higher than that of Cu at each temperature level. The mechanical test results showed that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the heat-treated clad plates decreased significantly, while the elongation was markedly improved. The study reveals the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure, texture, interfacial structure and mechanical properties of copper-steel-copper composite plates, and clarifies the mechanisms such as microstructure, element diffusion and texture evolution. It provides a robust theoretical foundation for optimizing the heat treatment process and improving the comprehensive performance of composite plates.
关键词
铜-钢-铜复合板 /
热处理 /
界面扩散 /
织构 /
力学性能
Key words
copper-steel-copper clad plate /
heat treatment /
interfacial diffusion /
texture /
mechanical properties
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52305343）; 广东省重点人才计划（2023TQ07C702）; 广东省科学院青年人才专项杰出青年项目（2024GDASQNRC-0103）; 广东省科协青年科技人才培育计划（SKXRC2025080）; 广东省自然科学基金面上项目（2025A1515011033）; 陕西省教育厅科研计划项目（24JK0471）
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