增材制备高熵合金的研究现状及展望

李晓君; 宋长红; 潘梦阳

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.011

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (7) : 116-131. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.011

增材制造

增材制备高熵合金的研究现状及展望

李晓君^1,*, 宋长红², 潘梦阳³

作者信息 +

Research Status and Prospects of Additive Manufacturing of High-entropy Alloys

LI Xiaojun^1,*, SONG Changhong², PAN Mengyang³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

高熵合金因其高混合熵效应、固溶体稳定性以及优异的综合性能,已成为结构材料研究的前沿方向。增材制造凭借快速凝固、高结构复杂度成形能力和可调控的工艺窗口,为高熵合金的成分设计、组织调控和性能提升提供了新的技术平台。本文围绕增材制备高熵合金的研究进展,系统综述了主要增材制造工艺、典型材料体系、组织演化规律、物理与力学性能表现以及相关工艺优化策略,并重点阐述了快速凝固、熔池动力学与多级热循环在组织形成过程中的关键作用。进一步地,结合不同体系高熵合金的力学性能、耐蚀性、耐磨性及高温服役行为,归纳了当前性能提升的主要方法,包括工艺参数调控、合金成分优化及多种后处理手段等。尽管增材制造技术显著拓展了高熵合金的设计与应用潜力,但仍面临一系列挑战：快速凝固导致的成分偏析、孔隙与热裂纹等缺陷难以完全避免;多道多层热循环造成显著组织各向异性和性能波动;粉末氧化、元素挥发及相稳定性不足削弱服役可靠性;同时缺乏清晰的加工-组织-性能关联模型,使材料的可预测设计受限。基于此,本文展望了未来的发展方向,包括多物理场模拟驱动的组织预测、机器学习辅助的工艺优化、新型高熵粉末体系开发、原位反应增材制造以及多材料/梯度结构的构建等。随着高通量增材制造技术的成熟和标准化体系的建立,增材制造高熵合金有望在航空航天、能源装备及极端服役环境中实现更广泛且高可靠的工程应用。

Abstract

High-entropy alloys have become a leading research direction in structural materials due to their high mixing entropy effect, solid solution stability, and excellent comprehensive properties. Additive manufacturing provides a new technological platform for the composition design, microstructure regulation, and performance improvement of high-entropy alloys by offering rapid solidification, high structural complexity forming capabilities, and controllable process windows. The work aims to review the research progress in additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloys, systematically summarize the main additive manufacturing processes, typical material systems, microstructure evolution laws, physical and mechanical performance manifestations, and related process optimization strategies and focus on expounding the key roles of rapid solidification, melt pool dynamics, and multi-level thermal cycling in the formation of microstructure. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and high-temperature service behavior of different high-entropy alloy systems are combined to summarize the current main methods for performance improvement, including process parameter control, alloy composition optimization, and various post-treatment methods. Although additive manufacturing significantly expands the design and application potential of high-entropy alloys, it still faces several challenges: compositional segregation, pores and hot cracks induced by rapid solidification can hardly be completely eliminated; multiple passes and multi-layer thermal cycles lead to pronounced microstructural anisotropy and fluctuating mechanical properties; powder oxidation, elemental volatilization and insufficient phase stability degrade service reliability; and the lack of a clear processing-microstructure-performance correlation model limits the predictable design of materials. Based on this, the work looks forward to future development directions, including multi-physical field simulation-driven microstructure prediction, machine learning-assisted process optimization, the development of new high-entropy powder systems, in-situ reaction additive manufacturing, and the construction of multi-material/gradient structures. With the maturity of high-throughput additive manufacturing technology and the establishment of a standardized system, additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloys is expected to achieve more widespread and reliable engineering applications in aerospace, energy equipment, and extreme service environments.

导出引用

李晓君, 宋长红, 潘梦阳. 增材制备高熵合金的研究现状及展望[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(7): 116-131 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.011

LI Xiaojun, SONG Changhong, PAN Mengyang. Research Status and Prospects of Additive Manufacturing of High-entropy Alloys[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(7): 116-131 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.011

中图分类号： TG139.8

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