精密银合金丝高温组织演变及性能变化

郭艳红; 侯江涛; 常义栋; 程亚芳; 董显; 张冠星; 董博文; 李永

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.004

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (7) : 41-46. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.004

高端能源、航空航天装备部件精密成形关键技术

精密银合金丝高温组织演变及性能变化

郭艳红¹, 侯江涛^1,*, 常义栋¹, 程亚芳^1,2, 董显¹, 张冠星¹, 董博文¹, 李永¹

作者信息 +

High Temperature Microstructure Evolution and Property Changes of Precision Silver Alloy Wires

GUO Yanhong¹, HOU Jiangtao^1,*, CHANG Yidong¹, CHENG Yafang^1,2, DONG Xian¹, ZHANG Guanxing¹, DONG Bowen¹, LI Yong¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的为明确退火工艺参数对银合金丝组织与性能的调控机制,掌握二者内在关联,为精密加工工艺优化及产品质量提升提供支撑,探究了退火工艺对银合金丝组织与性能的调控规律。方法以银含量（质量分数）50%的银合金丝为研究对象,控制原材料成分均匀性,采用箱式炉进行500 ℃等温退火,选取10~50 min为退火时间（间隔10 min）,以退火时间为单一变量,研究其对合金丝显微组织及力学性能的影响。采用SEM观察组织形貌,利用EDS（能谱）推断物相,借助维氏硬度计和力学试验机测试性能,保障数据可靠。结果退火时间对银合金丝组织及力学性能的影响显著。当退火10 min时,组织均匀细化、内应力消除,物相为Ag固溶体与CuZnAgNi金属间化合物两相,无明显缺陷;随退火时间延长,组织发生包析转变并出现层状AgCuZn共晶第三相,继续延长时间,该相逐渐均匀化且呈灰色。在力学性能上,该银合金丝退火10 min时的维氏硬度值最低,塑性显著提高;随时间延长,硬度升高、拉伸强度下降,塑性先升后稳,与组织演变规律高度契合。结论退火时间是调控银合金丝组织与力学性能的关键参数,通过影响物相转变及组织重构改变性能,组织演变是性能变化的核心因素。研究结果丰富了银合金热处理理论,为该类合金丝精密加工、退火参数优化提供指导,对提升产品质量、拓展应用范围有重要工程意义。

Abstract

To clarify the regulation mechanism of annealing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of silver alloy wires and reveal their intrinsic correlation, the work aims to investigate the regulation law of annealing treatment, thus providing a theoretical basis for precision machining optimization and product quality improvement. Silver alloy wires containing 50% silver with uniform chemical composition were used as the research material. Isothermal annealing at 500 ℃ was conducted in a box furnace, with annealing time set from 10 min to 50 min at a 10 min interval. With annealing time as the single variable, its effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy wires were explored. The micro-morphology was characterized via SEM, and the phase composition was analyzed by EDS. Mechanical properties were tested with a Vickers hardness tester and a universal mechanical testing machine to ensure experimental data accuracy and reliability. Annealing time presented a remarkable effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of silver alloy wires. After 10 min of annealing, the microstructure was uniformly refined with internal stress fully relieved. The alloy consisted of (Ag) solid solution and (CuZnAgNi) intermetallic compound with no obvious micro-defects. As annealing time prolonged, peritectoid transformation took place, accompanied by the formation of a layered AgCuZn eutectic third phase, which gradually homogenized and appeared gray with further heat preservation. In terms of mechanical properties, the alloy wire exhibited the lowest Vickers hardness and remarkably improved plasticity after 10 min annealing. With the extension of annealing time, the hardness increased while the tensile strength decreased, and the plasticity rose initially and then leveled off, which was highly consistent with the microstructure evolution. Annealing time is a crucial factor regulating the microstructure and mechanical properties of silver alloy wires. It tailors material properties by regulating phase transformation and microstructure reconstruction, where microstructural evolution acts as the core cause of performance variation. This work supplements and improves the heat treatment theory of silver alloys, offers technical guidance for precision processing and annealing parameter optimization of such alloy wires, and is of great engineering value for product quality upgrading and application expansion.

导出引用

郭艳红, 侯江涛, 常义栋, 程亚芳, 董显, 张冠星, 董博文, 李永. 精密银合金丝高温组织演变及性能变化[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(7): 41-46 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.004

GUO Yanhong, HOU Jiangtao, CHANG Yidong, CHENG Yafang, DONG Xian, ZHANG Guanxing, DONG Bowen, LI Yong. High Temperature Microstructure Evolution and Property Changes of Precision Silver Alloy Wires[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(7): 41-46 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.004

中图分类号： TG146.3+2

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