某超超临界机组用T91/HR3C异种钢接头组织与性能研究

黎俊良; 刘福广; 王东振; 宋海; 杨明昌; 常哲; 史振利; 褚巧玲

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.003

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (7) : 30-40. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.003

高端能源、航空航天装备部件精密成形关键技术

某超超临界机组用T91/HR3C异种钢接头组织与性能研究

黎俊良^1,*, 刘福广¹, 王东振², 宋海³, 杨明昌³, 常哲¹, 史振利¹, 褚巧玲⁴

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Microstructure and Properties of T91/HR3C Dissimilar Joint in an Ultra-supercritical Unit

LI Junliang^1,*, LIU Fuguang¹, WANG Dongzhen², SONG Hai³, YANG Mingchang³, CHANG Zhe¹, SHI Zhenli¹, CHU Qiaoling⁴

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摘要

目的系统评估某超超临界机组累计运行约101 592 h的T91/HR3C异种钢焊接接头的安全服役能力,为检修更换决策提供依据。方法通过化学成分测试、显微组织观察、能谱分析、电子背散射技术和显微维氏硬度测试等手段,系统研究了该服役态T91/HR3C异种钢接头的化学成分、接头组织分布和力学性能特征;与此同时,采用数值模拟方法对该异种钢接头焊接过程及热处理过程的残余应力进行计算。结果该T91/HR3C异种钢接头母材化学成分满足标准要求。异种钢接头两侧显微组织差异明显,T91侧熔合线存在串链状M₂₃C₆碳化物,HR3C侧晶界析出FeCr相和M₂₃C₆碳化物,镍基焊缝为典型胞状树枝晶。异种钢接头的显微硬度分布较不均匀,T91热影响区硬度最高（290HV0.3~330HV0.3）,HR3C热影响区最低（170HV0.3~200HV0.3）。异种钢接头数值模拟结果显示,焊态下异种钢接头峰值环向残余拉应力为790 MPa,集中于HR3C热影响区与T91外壁熔合线;经热处理后,峰值应力降至496 MPa,但应力集中趋势并未根本改变。结论 T91/HR3C异种钢接头经过101 592 h长期服役后出现T91侧碳化物串状聚集粗化、热影响区硬度波动等多重退化特征,建议后续加强该异种钢接头T91侧的抽检,并在同类结构中加强制造工艺控制与在役监测。

Abstract

The work aims to systematically evaluate the safe service capability of a T91/HR3C dissimilar welded joint after approximately 101 592 h of cumulative operation in an ultra-supercritical unit, and to provide a basis for maintenance and replacement decisions. Through means such as chemical composition testing, microstructure observation, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and micro-Vickers hardness testing, the chemical composition, microstructure distribution, and mechanical properties of the as-serviced T91/HR3C dissimilar joint were systematically investigated. Meanwhile, numerical simulation was employed to calculate the residual stresses during the welding and post-weld heat treatment processes of the dissimilar joint. The compositions of the T91/HR3C dissimilar joint met the standard requirement. A significant difference in microstructure was observed on both sides of the dissimilar joint. Chain-like M₂₃C₆ carbides existed along the fusion line on the T91 side, FeCr phases and M₂₃C₆ carbides precipitated at grain boundaries on the HR3C side, and the nickel-based weld metal exhibited a typical cellular dendritic structure. The microhardness distribution of the dissimilar joint was rather uneven, with the highest hardness (290HV0.3-330HV0.3) in the T91 heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the lowest (170HV0.3-200HV0.3) in the HR3C HAZ. Numerical simulation of the dissimilar joint showed that the peak circumferential residual tensile stress in the as-welded joint was 790 MPa, concentrated at the interface between the HR3C HAZ and the outer wall fusion line of the T91 side; after post-weld heat treatment, the peak stress decreased to 496 MPa, but the stress concentration tendency did not fundamentally change. After approximately 101 592 h of long-term service, the T91/HR3C dissimilar joint exhibits multiple degradation features, including chain-like aggregation and coarsening of carbides, hardness fluctuation in the HAZ. It is recommended that future inspection efforts be strengthened on the T91 side of such dissimilar joints, and that manufacturing process control and in-service monitoring be enhanced in similar structures.

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异种钢接头 / T91 / HR3C / 析出相 / 残余应力

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黎俊良, 刘福广, 王东振, 宋海, 杨明昌, 常哲, 史振利, 褚巧玲. 某超超临界机组用T91/HR3C异种钢接头组织与性能研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(7): 30-40 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.003

LI Junliang, LIU Fuguang, WANG Dongzhen, SONG Hai, YANG Mingchang, CHANG Zhe, SHI Zhenli, CHU Qiaoling. Microstructure and Properties of T91/HR3C Dissimilar Joint in an Ultra-supercritical Unit[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(7): 30-40 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.07.003

中图分类号： TG115

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