双激光跟随打印98W合金梯度工艺-组织-压缩性能研究

陈涛; 汪亮; 戴冬华

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.018

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (5) : 188-199. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.018

难熔金属成形

双激光跟随打印98W合金梯度工艺-组织-压缩性能研究

陈涛^1,2, 汪亮^1,2, 戴冬华^1,2,*

作者信息 +

Gradient Process Parameters-Microstructure-Compression Performance of the 98W Alloy Fabricated by Dual Laser Powder Bed Fusion

CHEN Tao^1,2, WANG Liang^1,2, DAI Donghua^1,2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对单激光粉末床熔融（SL-PBF）增材制造高比重98W合金易产生孔隙和裂纹等问题,提出了双激光跟随打印（DL-PBF）高比重98W合金一体成形技术,以实现半球薄壁结构高质量成形。方法研究支撑类型（块体支撑和网格状支撑）和工艺参数对高比重98W合金1/8球面结构（壁厚3 mm）沿高度方向残余孔隙、显微组织、残余应力和尺寸精度的影响规律,以确定DL-PBF成形高比重98W半球壳体结构的支撑类型与最佳工艺参数。结果块体支撑易引起结构顶部发生凸起缺陷,且底部区域形成细小等轴晶（尺寸13.8 μm）,而顶部区域形成柱状晶（尺寸16.9 μm）。当采用优化工艺参数后,DL-PBF成形的98W合金极限抗压强度和压缩率分别为2 262.3 MPa和38.5%。当激光功率较高（P=225 W）时,结构顶部易产生较大尺寸残余孔隙且沿高度方向壁厚变化较大（最大3.4 mm、最小3.32 mm）;当激光功率较合适（P=195 W）时,结构沿高度方向截面近乎致密、无微观裂纹,平均壁厚为3.25 mm。结论基于1/8球面结构沿高度方向二维截面积减小引起的热积累和残余孔隙演变规律,提出了高度方向梯度能量密度策略,实现了壁厚4 mm、高度40 mm的半球结构稳定无缺陷成形,为高比重W合金复杂结构高质量成形提供数据支持。

Abstract

To solve the problems of porosity and cracking in the Single Laser Powder Bed Fusion (SL-PBF) additive manufacturing of high-density 98W alloy, the work aims to propose a Dual Laser Powder Bed Fusion (DL-PBF) integrated forming technology for high-density 98W alloy to achieve high-quality forming of thin-walled hemispherical structures. The effects of support types (block support and grid support) and process parameters on the residual porosity, microstructure, residual stress, and dimensional accuracy along the height direction of the 1/8 spherical structure (wall thickness 3 mm) of high-density 98W alloy were studied to determine the support type and optimal process parameters for DL-PBF forming high-density 98W alloy hemispherical shell structures. It was found that block support could easily cause protruding defects at the top of the structure, and small equiaxed crystals (size 13.8 μm) were formed in the bottom region, while columnar crystals (size 16.9 μm) were formed in the top region. Under the optimized process parameters, the ultimate compressive strength and compression ratio of the 98W alloy formed by DL-PBF were 2 262.3 MPa and 38.5%, respectively. When the laser power was high (P=225 W), larger residual pores were easily generated at the top of the structure, and the wall thickness changed significantly along the height direction (maximum wall thickness 3.4 mm and minimum wall thickness 3.32 mm). When the laser power was appropriate (P=195 W), the cross section of the structure was nearly dense without microcracks, and the average wall thickness was 3.25 mm. Based on the evolution law of heat accumulation and residual pores in the 1/8 spherical structure, a height-direction gradient energy density strategy is proposed, which realizes the stable forming of the hemispherical structure with a wall thickness of 4 mm and a height of 40 mm, providing data support for the high-quality forming of high-density complex 98W alloy structures.

导出引用

陈涛, 汪亮, 戴冬华. 双激光跟随打印98W合金梯度工艺-组织-压缩性能研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(5): 188-199 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.018

CHEN Tao, WANG Liang, DAI Donghua. Gradient Process Parameters-Microstructure-Compression Performance of the 98W Alloy Fabricated by Dual Laser Powder Bed Fusion[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(5): 188-199 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.018

中图分类号： TJ04 TJ05 TB31

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