目的 研究1Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB马氏体耐热钢在超超临界火电机组高温长时服役条件下的组织性能变化规律,为该材料在高温部件中的应用与寿命评估提供技术支持和数据依据。方法 在700 ℃下分别对时效500、1 500、3 000 h后的显微组织、力学性能进行系统分析。通过光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）对显微形貌进行表征分析,并进行了室温拉伸、布氏硬度、冲击等力学性能试验,同时分别在600 ℃和620 ℃、初始应力300 MPa条件下开展应力松弛试验。结果 1Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB钢经标准热处理后为典型的回火马氏体组织,随着时效时间的增加,马氏体板条宽度由最初的170 nm增至540 nm,当时效3 000 h后,马氏体板条形态已不太明显,时效前后晶界和晶内均存在富Cr的M23C6相、富W的Laves相以及富Nb的MX相。随着时效时间的延长,钢中析出相发生显著粗化。在力学性能方面,随着时效时间从0 h增至3 000 h,屈服强度由749 MPa降至458 MPa,抗拉强度由919 MPa降至673 MPa,布氏硬度从315HBW降低至221HBW。当时效500 h后,材料冲击功达到峰值58 J,较未时效状态17 J显著提高;此后随时效时间的延长而下降,当时效3 000 h时,材料冲击功降至27 J。600 ℃和620 ℃下的剩余应力分别为104 MPa和31 MPa。结论 在700 ℃长时时效后,组织稳定性差,马氏体板条宽化、粗化并出现亚晶,位错密度降低,析出相显著长大,对材料的强度、硬度及韧、塑性削弱程度较大,同时抗应力松弛性能较差。
Abstract
The work aims to clarify the microstructure and properties of 1Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic heat-resistant steel under high temperature and long-term service conditions of ultra-supercritical thermal power units, and to provide technical support and data basis for the application and life evaluation of this material in high temperature components. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the material after aging at 700 ℃ for 500 h, 1 500 h and 3 000 h were systematically analyzed. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the mechanical properties such as room temperature tensile, Brinell hardness and impact were tested. At the same time, stress relaxation tests were carried out at 600 ℃ and 620 ℃, respectively. The results showed that the microstructure of 1Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB steel after standard heat treatment was typical tempered martensite. With the increase of aging time, the width of martensite lath increased from 170 nm to 540 nm. After aging for 3000 h, the morphology of martensite lath was not obvious. Before and after aging, there were Cr-rich M23C6 phases, W-rich Laves phases and Nb-rich MX phases in grain boundary and crystal. With the increase of aging time, the precipitated phase in the steel coarsens significantly. In terms of mechanical properties, with the increase of aging time from 0 h to 3 000 h, the yield strength decreased from 749 MPa to 458 MPa, the tensile strength decreased from 919 MPa to 673 MPa, and the Brinell hardness decreased from 315HBW to 221HBW. When the aging time was 500 h, the impact energy of the material reached a peak of 58 J, which was significantly higher than that of the unaged state of 17 J; after that, it decreased with the extension of aging time, and decreased to 27 J at 3 000 h. The residual stresses at 600 ℃ and 620 ℃ were 104 MPa and 31 MPa respectively. After long-term aging at 700 ℃, the microstructure stability is poor, the martensite lath widens, coarsenes and subgrains appear, the dislocation density decreases, the precipitated phase grows significantly, and the strength, hardness, toughness and plasticity of the material are weakened to a large extent. At the same time, the resistance to stress relaxation is poor.
关键词
1Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB /
高温紧固件 /
时效处理 /
显微组织 /
力学性能
Key words
1Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB /
high temperature fasteners /
aging treatment /
microstructure /
mechanical properties
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